1480 lines
48 KiB
Text
1480 lines
48 KiB
Text
This is Info file ./termcap.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the
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input file ./termcap.texi.
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This file documents the termcap library of the GNU system.
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Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
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|
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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
|
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manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
|
||
preserved on all copies.
|
||
|
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
|
||
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
|
||
the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
|
||
permission notice identical to this one.
|
||
|
||
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
|
||
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
|
||
versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
|
||
translation approved by the Foundation.
|
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File: termcap.info, Node: Insdel Char, Next: Standout, Prev: Insdel Line, Up: Capabilities
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Insert/Delete Character
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=======================
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"Inserting a character" means creating a blank space in the middle
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of a line, and pushing the rest of the line rightward. The character
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in the rightmost column is lost.
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"Deleting a character" means causing the character to disappear from
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the screen, closing up the gap by moving the rest of the line leftward.
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A blank space appears in the rightmost column.
|
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|
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Insertion and deletion of characters is useful in programs that
|
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maintain an updating display some parts of which may get longer or
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shorter. It is also useful in editors for redisplaying the results of
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editing within a line.
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||
|
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Many terminals provide commands to insert or delete a single
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character at the cursor position. Some provide the ability to insert
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or delete several characters with one command, using the number of
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characters to insert or delete as a parameter.
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||
|
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Many terminals provide an insert mode in which outputting a graphic
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character has the added effect of inserting a position for that
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character. A special command string is used to enter insert mode and
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another is used to exit it. The reason for designing a terminal with
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an insert mode rather than an insert command is that inserting
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character positions is usually followed by writing characters into
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them. With insert mode, this is as fast as simply writing the
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characters, except for the fixed overhead of entering and leaving
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insert mode. However, when the line speed is great enough, padding may
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be required for the graphic characters output in insert mode.
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Some terminals require you to enter insert mode and then output a
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special command for each position to be inserted. Or they may require
|
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special commands to be output before or after each graphic character to
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be inserted.
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|
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Deletion of characters is usually accomplished by a straightforward
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command to delete one or several positions; but on some terminals, it
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is necessary to enter a special delete mode before using the delete
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command, and leave delete mode afterward. Sometimes delete mode and
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insert mode are the same mode.
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Some terminals make a distinction between character positions in
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which a space character has been output and positions which have been
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cleared. On these terminals, the effect of insert or delete character
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runs to the first cleared position rather than to the end of the line.
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In fact, the effect may run to more than one line if there is no
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cleared position to stop the shift on the first line. These terminals
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are identified by the `in' flag capability.
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On terminals with the `in' flag, the technique of skipping over
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characters that you know were cleared, and then outputting text later
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on in the same line, causes later insert and delete character
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operations on that line to do nonstandard things. A program that has
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any chance of doing this must check for the `in' flag and must be
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careful to write explicit space characters into the intermediate
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columns when `in' is present.
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A plethora of terminal capabilities are needed to describe all of
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this complexity. Here is a list of them all. Following the list, we
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present an algorithm for programs to use to take proper account of all
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of these capabilities.
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`im'
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String of commands to enter insert mode.
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If the terminal has no special insert mode, but it can insert
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characters with a special command, `im' should be defined with a
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null value, because the `vi' editor assumes that insertion of a
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character is impossible if `im' is not provided.
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|
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New programs should not act like `vi'. They should pay attention
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to `im' only if it is defined.
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`ei'
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String of commands to leave insert mode. This capability must be
|
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present if `im' is.
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|
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On a few old terminals the same string is used to enter and exit
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insert mode. This string turns insert mode on if it was off, and
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off it it was on. You can tell these terminals because the `ei'
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string equals the `im' string. If you want to support these
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terminals, you must always remember accurately whether insert mode
|
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is in effect. However, these terminals are obsolete, and it is
|
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reasonable to refuse to support them. On all modern terminals, you
|
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can safely output `ei' at any time to ensure that insert mode is
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turned off.
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|
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`ic'
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String of commands to insert one character position at the cursor.
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The cursor does not move.
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|
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If outputting a graphic character while in insert mode is
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sufficient to insert the character, then the `ic' capability
|
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should be defined with a null value.
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|
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If your terminal offers a choice of ways to insert--either use
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insert mode or use a special command--then define `im' and do not
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define `ic', since this gives the most efficient operation when
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several characters are to be inserted. *Do not* define both
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strings, for that means that *both* must be used each time
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insertion is done.
|
||
|
||
`ip'
|
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String of commands to output following an inserted graphic
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character in insert mode. Often it is used just for a padding
|
||
spec, when padding is needed after an inserted character (*note
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Padding::.).
|
||
|
||
`IC'
|
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String of commands to insert N character positions at and after
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the cursor. It has the same effect as repeating the `ic' string
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and a space, N times.
|
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|
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If `IC' is provided, application programs may use it without first
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entering insert mode.
|
||
|
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`mi'
|
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Flag whose presence means it is safe to move the cursor while in
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insert mode and assume the terminal remains in insert mode.
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||
|
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`in'
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Flag whose presence means that the terminal distinguishes between
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character positions in which space characters have been output and
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positions which have been cleared.
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|
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An application program can assume that the terminal can do character
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insertion if *any one of* the capabilities `IC', `im', `ic' or `ip' is
|
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provided.
|
||
|
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To insert N blank character positions, move the cursor to the place
|
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to insert them and follow this algorithm:
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||
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1. If an `IC' string is provided, output it with parameter N and you
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are finished. Otherwise (or if you don't want to bother to look
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for an `IC' string) follow the remaining steps.
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||
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2. Output the `im' string, if there is one, unless the terminal is
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already in insert mode.
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3. Repeat steps 4 through 6, N times.
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4. Output the `ic' string if any.
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5. Output a space.
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6. Output the `ip' string if any.
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7. Output the `ei' string, eventually, to exit insert mode. There is
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no need to do this right away. If the `mi' flag is present, you
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can move the cursor and the cursor will remain in insert mode;
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then you can do more insertion elsewhere without reentering insert
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mode.
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|
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To insert N graphic characters, position the cursor and follow this
|
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algorithm:
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1. If an `IC' string is provided, output it with parameter N, then
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output the graphic characters, and you are finished. Otherwise
|
||
(or if you don't want to bother to look for an `IC' string) follow
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the remaining steps.
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||
|
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2. Output the `im' string, if there is one, unless the terminal is
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already in insert mode.
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3. For each character to be output, repeat steps 4 through 6.
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|
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4. Output the `ic' string if any.
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5. Output the next graphic character.
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6. Output the `ip' string if any.
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7. Output the `ei' string, eventually, to exit insert mode. There is
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no need to do this right away. If the `mi' flag is present, you
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can move the cursor and the cursor will remain in insert mode;
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then you can do more insertion elsewhere without reentering insert
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mode.
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Note that this is not the same as the original Unix termcap
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specifications in one respect: it assumes that the `IC' string can be
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used without entering insert mode. This is true as far as I know, and
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it allows you be able to avoid entering and leaving insert mode, and
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also to be able to avoid the inserted-character padding after the
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characters that go into the inserted positions.
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Deletion of characters is less complicated; deleting one column is
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done by outputting the `dc' string. However, there may be a delete
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mode that must be entered with `dm' in order to make `dc' work.
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`dc'
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String of commands to delete one character position at the cursor.
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If `dc' is not present, the terminal cannot delete characters.
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`DC'
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String of commands to delete N characters starting at the cursor.
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It has the same effect as repeating the `dc' string N times. Any
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terminal description that has `DC' also has `dc'.
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`dm'
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String of commands to enter delete mode. If not present, there is
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no delete mode, and `dc' can be used at any time (assuming there is
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a `dc').
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`ed'
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String of commands to exit delete mode. This must be present if
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`dm' is.
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To delete N character positions, position the cursor and follow these
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steps:
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1. If the `DC' string is present, output it with parameter N and you
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are finished. Otherwise, follow the remaining steps.
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2. Output the `dm' string, unless you know the terminal is already in
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delete mode.
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3. Output the `dc' string N times.
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4. Output the `ed' string eventually. If the flag capability `mi' is
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present, you can move the cursor and do more deletion without
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leaving and reentering delete mode.
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As with the `IC' string, we have departed from the original termcap
|
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specifications by assuming that `DC' works without entering delete mode
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even though `dc' would not.
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If the `dm' and `im' capabilities are both present and have the same
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value, it means that the terminal has one mode for both insertion and
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deletion. It is useful for a program to know this, because then it can
|
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do insertions after deletions, or vice versa, without leaving
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insert/delete mode and reentering it.
|
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|
||
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File: termcap.info, Node: Standout, Next: Underlining, Prev: Insdel Char, Up: Capabilities
|
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|
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Standout and Appearance Modes
|
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=============================
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|
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"Appearance modes" are modifications to the ways characters are
|
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displayed. Typical appearance modes include reverse video, dim, bright,
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blinking, underlined, invisible, and alternate character set. Each
|
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kind of terminal supports various among these, or perhaps none.
|
||
|
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For each type of terminal, one appearance mode or combination of
|
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them that looks good for highlighted text is chosen as the "standout
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mode". The capabilities `so' and `se' say how to enter and leave
|
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standout mode. Programs that use appearance modes only to highlight
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some text generally use the standout mode so that they can work on as
|
||
many terminals as possible. Use of specific appearance modes other
|
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than "underlined" and "alternate character set" is rare.
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||
|
||
Terminals that implement appearance modes fall into two general
|
||
classes as to how they do it.
|
||
|
||
In some terminals, the presence or absence of any appearance mode is
|
||
recorded separately for each character position. In these terminals,
|
||
each graphic character written is given the appearance modes current at
|
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the time it is written, and keeps those modes until it is erased or
|
||
overwritten. There are special commands to turn the appearance modes
|
||
on or off for characters to be written in the future.
|
||
|
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In other terminals, the change of appearance modes is represented by
|
||
a marker that belongs to a certain screen position but affects all
|
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following screen positions until the next marker. These markers are
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||
traditionally called "magic cookies".
|
||
|
||
The same capabilities (`so', `se', `mb' and so on) for turning
|
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appearance modes on and off are used for both magic-cookie terminals
|
||
and per-character terminals. On magic cookie terminals, these give the
|
||
commands to write the magic cookies. On per-character terminals, they
|
||
change the current modes that affect future output and erasure. Some
|
||
simple applications can use these commands without knowing whether or
|
||
not they work by means of cookies.
|
||
|
||
However, a program that maintains and updates a display needs to know
|
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whether the terminal uses magic cookies, and exactly what their effect
|
||
is. This information comes from the `sg' capability.
|
||
|
||
The `sg' capability is a numeric capability whose presence indicates
|
||
that the terminal uses magic cookies for appearance modes. Its value is
|
||
the number of character positions that a magic cookie occupies. Usually
|
||
the cookie occupies one or more character positions on the screen, and
|
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these character positions are displayed as blank, but in some terminals
|
||
the cookie has zero width.
|
||
|
||
The `sg' capability describes both the magic cookie to turn standout
|
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on and the cookie to turn it off. This makes the assumption that both
|
||
kinds of cookie have the same width on the screen. If that is not true,
|
||
the narrower cookie must be "widened" with spaces until it has the same
|
||
width as the other.
|
||
|
||
On some magic cookie terminals, each line always starts with normal
|
||
display; in other words, the scope of a magic cookie never extends over
|
||
more than one line. But on other terminals, one magic cookie affects
|
||
all the lines below it unless explicitly canceled. Termcap does not
|
||
define any way to distinguish these two ways magic cookies can work.
|
||
To be safe, it is best to put a cookie at the beginning of each line.
|
||
|
||
On some per-character terminals, standout mode or other appearance
|
||
modes may be canceled by moving the cursor. On others, moving the
|
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cursor has no effect on the state of the appearance modes. The latter
|
||
class of terminals are given the flag capability `ms' ("can move in
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||
standout"). All programs that might have occasion to move the cursor
|
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while appearance modes are turned on must check for this flag; if it is
|
||
not present, they should reset appearance modes to normal before doing
|
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cursor motion.
|
||
|
||
A program that has turned on only standout mode should use `se' to
|
||
reset the standout mode to normal. A program that has turned on only
|
||
alternate character set mode should use `ae' to return it to normal.
|
||
If it is possible that any other appearance modes are turned on, use the
|
||
`me' capability to return them to normal.
|
||
|
||
Note that the commands to turn on one appearance mode, including `so'
|
||
and `mb' ... `mr', if used while some other appearance modes are turned
|
||
on, may combine the two modes on some terminals but may turn off the
|
||
mode previously enabled on other terminals. This is because some
|
||
terminals do not have a command to set or clear one appearance mode
|
||
without changing the others. Programs should not attempt to use
|
||
appearance modes in combination except with `sa', and when switching
|
||
from one single mode to another should always turn off the previously
|
||
enabled mode and then turn on the new desired mode.
|
||
|
||
On some old terminals, the `so' and `se' commands may be the same
|
||
command, which has the effect of turning standout on if it is off, or
|
||
off it is on. It is therefore risky for a program to output extra `se'
|
||
commands for good measure. Fortunately, all these terminals are
|
||
obsolete.
|
||
|
||
Programs that update displays in which standout-text may be replaced
|
||
with non-standout text must check for the `xs' flag. In a per-character
|
||
terminal, this flag says that the only way to remove standout once
|
||
written is to clear that portion of the line with the `ce' string or
|
||
something even more powerful (*note Clearing::.); just writing new
|
||
characters at those screen positions will not change the modes in
|
||
effect there. In a magic cookie terminal, `xs' says that the only way
|
||
to remove a cookie is to clear a portion of the line that includes the
|
||
cookie; writing a different cookie at the same position does not work.
|
||
|
||
Such programs must also check for the `xt' flag, which means that the
|
||
terminal is a Teleray 1061. On this terminal it is impossible to
|
||
position the cursor at the front of a magic cookie, so the only two
|
||
ways to remove a cookie are (1) to delete the line it is on or (2) to
|
||
position the cursor at least one character before it (possibly on a
|
||
previous line) and output the `se' string, which on these terminals
|
||
finds and removes the next `so' magic cookie on the screen. (It may
|
||
also be possible to remove a cookie which is not at the beginning of a
|
||
line by clearing that line.) The `xt' capability also has implications
|
||
for the use of tab characters, but in that regard it is obsolete (*Note
|
||
Cursor Motion::).
|
||
|
||
`so'
|
||
String of commands to enter standout mode.
|
||
|
||
`se'
|
||
String of commands to leave standout mode.
|
||
|
||
`sg'
|
||
Numeric capability, the width on the screen of the magic cookie.
|
||
This capability is absent in terminals that record appearance modes
|
||
character by character.
|
||
|
||
`ms'
|
||
Flag whose presence means that it is safe to move the cursor while
|
||
the appearance modes are not in the normal state. If this flag is
|
||
absent, programs should always reset the appearance modes to
|
||
normal before moving the cursor.
|
||
|
||
`xs'
|
||
Flag whose presence means that the only way to reset appearance
|
||
modes already on the screen is to clear to end of line. On a
|
||
per-character terminal, you must clear the area where the modes
|
||
are set. On a magic cookie terminal, you must clear an area
|
||
containing the cookie. See the discussion above.
|
||
|
||
`xt'
|
||
Flag whose presence means that the cursor cannot be positioned
|
||
right in front of a magic cookie, and that `se' is a command to
|
||
delete the next magic cookie following the cursor. See discussion
|
||
above.
|
||
|
||
`mb'
|
||
String of commands to enter blinking mode.
|
||
|
||
`md'
|
||
String of commands to enter double-bright mode.
|
||
|
||
`mh'
|
||
String of commands to enter half-bright mode.
|
||
|
||
`mk'
|
||
String of commands to enter invisible mode.
|
||
|
||
`mp'
|
||
String of commands to enter protected mode.
|
||
|
||
`mr'
|
||
String of commands to enter reverse-video mode.
|
||
|
||
`me'
|
||
String of commands to turn off all appearance modes, including
|
||
standout mode and underline mode. On some terminals it also turns
|
||
off alternate character set mode; on others, it may not. This
|
||
capability must be present if any of `mb' ... `mr' is present.
|
||
|
||
`as'
|
||
String of commands to turn on alternate character set mode. This
|
||
mode assigns some or all graphic characters an alternate picture
|
||
on the screen. There is no standard as to what the alternate
|
||
pictures look like.
|
||
|
||
`ae'
|
||
String of commands to turn off alternate character set mode.
|
||
|
||
`sa'
|
||
String of commands to turn on an arbitrary combination of
|
||
appearance modes. It accepts 9 parameters, each of which controls
|
||
a particular kind of appearance mode. A parameter should be 1 to
|
||
turn its appearance mode on, or zero to turn that mode off. Most
|
||
terminals do not support the `sa' capability, even among those
|
||
that do have various appearance modes.
|
||
|
||
The nine parameters are, in order, STANDOUT, UNDERLINE, REVERSE,
|
||
BLINK, HALF-BRIGHT, DOUBLE-BRIGHT, BLANK, PROTECT, ALT CHAR SET.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Underlining, Next: Cursor Visibility, Prev: Standout, Up: Capabilities
|
||
|
||
Underlining
|
||
===========
|
||
|
||
Underlining on most terminals is a kind of appearance mode, much like
|
||
standout mode. Therefore, it may be implemented using magic cookies or
|
||
as a flag in the terminal whose current state affects each character
|
||
that is output. *Note Standout::, for a full explanation.
|
||
|
||
The `ug' capability is a numeric capability whose presence indicates
|
||
that the terminal uses magic cookies for underlining. Its value is the
|
||
number of character positions that a magic cookie for underlining
|
||
occupies; it is used for underlining just as `sg' is used for standout.
|
||
Aside from the simplest applications, it is impossible to use
|
||
underlining correctly without paying attention to the value of `ug'.
|
||
|
||
`us'
|
||
String of commands to turn on underline mode or to output a magic
|
||
cookie to start underlining.
|
||
|
||
`ue'
|
||
String of commands to turn off underline mode or to output a magic
|
||
cookie to stop underlining.
|
||
|
||
`ug'
|
||
Width of magic cookie that represents a change of underline mode;
|
||
or missing, if the terminal does not use a magic cookie for this.
|
||
|
||
`ms'
|
||
Flag whose presence means that it is safe to move the cursor while
|
||
the appearance modes are not in the normal state. Underlining is
|
||
an appearance mode. If this flag is absent, programs should
|
||
always turn off underlining before moving the cursor.
|
||
|
||
There are two other, older ways of doing underlining: there can be a
|
||
command to underline a single character, or the output of `_', the
|
||
ASCII underscore character, as an overstrike could cause a character to
|
||
be underlined. New programs need not bother to handle these
|
||
capabilities unless the author cares strongly about the obscure
|
||
terminals which support them. However, terminal descriptions should
|
||
provide these capabilities when appropriate.
|
||
|
||
`uc'
|
||
String of commands to underline the character under the cursor, and
|
||
move the cursor right.
|
||
|
||
`ul'
|
||
Flag whose presence means that the terminal can underline by
|
||
overstriking an underscore character (`_'); some terminals can do
|
||
this even though they do not support overstriking in general. An
|
||
implication of this flag is that when outputting new text to
|
||
overwrite old text, underscore characters must be treated
|
||
specially lest they underline the old text instead.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Cursor Visibility, Next: Bell, Prev: Underlining, Up: Capabilities
|
||
|
||
Cursor Visibility
|
||
=================
|
||
|
||
Some terminals have the ability to make the cursor invisible, or to
|
||
enhance it. Enhancing the cursor is often done by programs that plan
|
||
to use the cursor to indicate to the user a position of interest that
|
||
may be anywhere on the screen--for example, the Emacs editor enhances
|
||
the cursor on entry. Such programs should always restore the cursor to
|
||
normal on exit.
|
||
|
||
`vs'
|
||
String of commands to enhance the cursor.
|
||
|
||
`vi'
|
||
String of commands to make the cursor invisible.
|
||
|
||
`ve'
|
||
String of commands to return the cursor to normal.
|
||
|
||
If you define either `vs' or `vi', you must also define `ve'.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Bell, Next: Keypad, Prev: Cursor Visibility, Up: Capabilities
|
||
|
||
Bell
|
||
====
|
||
|
||
Here we describe commands to make the terminal ask for the user to
|
||
pay attention to it.
|
||
|
||
`bl'
|
||
String of commands to cause the terminal to make an audible sound.
|
||
If this capability is absent, the terminal has no way to make a
|
||
suitable sound.
|
||
|
||
`vb'
|
||
String of commands to cause the screen to flash to attract
|
||
attention ("visible bell"). If this capability is absent, the
|
||
terminal has no way to do such a thing.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Keypad, Next: Meta Key, Prev: Bell, Up: Capabilities
|
||
|
||
Keypad and Function Keys
|
||
========================
|
||
|
||
Many terminals have arrow and function keys that transmit specific
|
||
character sequences to the computer. Since the precise sequences used
|
||
depend on the terminal, termcap defines capabilities used to say what
|
||
the sequences are. Unlike most termcap string-valued capabilities,
|
||
these are not strings of commands to be sent to the terminal, rather
|
||
strings that are received from the terminal.
|
||
|
||
Programs that expect to use keypad keys should check, initially, for
|
||
a `ks' capability and send it, to make the keypad actually transmit.
|
||
Such programs should also send the `ke' string when exiting.
|
||
|
||
`ks'
|
||
String of commands to make the keypad keys transmit. If this
|
||
capability is not provided, but the others in this section are,
|
||
programs may assume that the keypad keys always transmit.
|
||
|
||
`ke'
|
||
String of commands to make the keypad keys work locally. This
|
||
capability is provided only if `ks' is.
|
||
|
||
`kl'
|
||
String of input characters sent by typing the left-arrow key. If
|
||
this capability is missing, you cannot expect the terminal to have
|
||
a left-arrow key that transmits anything to the computer.
|
||
|
||
`kr'
|
||
String of input characters sent by typing the right-arrow key.
|
||
|
||
`ku'
|
||
String of input characters sent by typing the up-arrow key.
|
||
|
||
`kd'
|
||
String of input characters sent by typing the down-arrow key.
|
||
|
||
`kh'
|
||
String of input characters sent by typing the "home-position" key.
|
||
|
||
`K1' ... `K5'
|
||
Strings of input characters sent by the five other keys in a 3-by-3
|
||
array that includes the arrow keys, if the keyboard has such a
|
||
3-by-3 array. Note that one of these keys may be the
|
||
"home-position" key, in which case one of these capabilities will
|
||
have the same value as the `kh' key.
|
||
|
||
`k0'
|
||
String of input characters sent by function key 10 (or 0, if the
|
||
terminal has one labeled 0).
|
||
|
||
`k1' ... `k9'
|
||
Strings of input characters sent by function keys 1 through 9,
|
||
provided for those function keys that exist.
|
||
|
||
`kn'
|
||
Number: the number of numbered function keys, if there are more
|
||
than 10.
|
||
|
||
`l0' ... `l9'
|
||
Strings which are the labels appearing on the keyboard on the keys
|
||
described by the capabilities `k0' ... `l9'. These capabilities
|
||
should be left undefined if the labels are `f0' or `f10' and `f1'
|
||
... `f9'.
|
||
|
||
`kH'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "home down" key, if there is
|
||
one.
|
||
|
||
`kb'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "backspace" key, if there is
|
||
one.
|
||
|
||
`ka'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "clear all tabs" key, if
|
||
there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kt'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "clear tab stop this column"
|
||
key, if there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kC'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "clear screen" key, if
|
||
there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kD'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "delete character" key, if
|
||
there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kL'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "delete line" key, if there
|
||
is one.
|
||
|
||
`kM'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "exit insert mode" key, if
|
||
there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kE'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "clear to end of line" key,
|
||
if there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kS'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "clear to end of screen"
|
||
key, if there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kI'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "insert character" or "enter
|
||
insert mode" key, if there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kA'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "insert line" key, if there
|
||
is one.
|
||
|
||
`kN'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "next page" key, if there is
|
||
one.
|
||
|
||
`kP'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "previous page" key, if
|
||
there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kF'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "scroll forward" key, if
|
||
there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kR'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "scroll reverse" key, if
|
||
there is one.
|
||
|
||
`kT'
|
||
String of input characters sent by the "set tab stop in this
|
||
column" key, if there is one.
|
||
|
||
`ko'
|
||
String listing the other function keys the terminal has. This is a
|
||
very obsolete way of describing the same information found in the
|
||
`kH' ... `kT' keys. The string contains a list of two-character
|
||
termcap capability names, separated by commas. The meaning is
|
||
that for each capability name listed, the terminal has a key which
|
||
sends the string which is the value of that capability. For
|
||
example, the value `:ko=cl,ll,sf,sr:' says that the terminal has
|
||
four function keys which mean "clear screen", "home down", "scroll
|
||
forward" and "scroll reverse".
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Meta Key, Next: Initialization, Prev: Keypad, Up: Capabilities
|
||
|
||
Meta Key
|
||
========
|
||
|
||
A Meta key is a key on the keyboard that modifies each character you
|
||
type by controlling the 0200 bit. This bit is on if and only if the
|
||
Meta key is held down when the character is typed. Characters typed
|
||
using the Meta key are called Meta characters. Emacs uses Meta
|
||
characters as editing commands.
|
||
|
||
`km'
|
||
Flag whose presence means that the terminal has a Meta key.
|
||
|
||
`mm'
|
||
String of commands to enable the functioning of the Meta key.
|
||
|
||
`mo'
|
||
String of commands to disable the functioning of the Meta key.
|
||
|
||
If the terminal has `km' but does not have `mm' and `mo', it means
|
||
that the Meta key always functions. If it has `mm' and `mo', it means
|
||
that the Meta key can be turned on or off. Send the `mm' string to
|
||
turn it on, and the `mo' string to turn it off. I do not know why one
|
||
would ever not want it to be on.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Initialization, Next: Pad Specs, Prev: Meta Key, Up: Capabilities
|
||
|
||
Initialization
|
||
==============
|
||
|
||
`ti'
|
||
String of commands to put the terminal into whatever special modes
|
||
are needed or appropriate for programs that move the cursor
|
||
nonsequentially around the screen. Programs that use termcap to do
|
||
full-screen display should output this string when they start up.
|
||
|
||
`te'
|
||
String of commands to undo what is done by the `ti' string.
|
||
Programs that output the `ti' string on entry should output this
|
||
string when they exit.
|
||
|
||
`is'
|
||
String of commands to initialize the terminal for each login
|
||
session.
|
||
|
||
`if'
|
||
String which is the name of a file containing the string of
|
||
commands to initialize the terminal for each session of use.
|
||
Normally `is' and `if' are not both used.
|
||
|
||
`i1'
|
||
`i3'
|
||
Two more strings of commands to initialize the terminal for each
|
||
login session. The `i1' string (if defined) is output before `is'
|
||
or `if', and the `i3' string (if defined) is output after.
|
||
|
||
The reason for having three separate initialization strings is to
|
||
make it easier to define a group of related terminal types with
|
||
slightly different initializations. Define two or three of the
|
||
strings in the basic type; then the other types can override one
|
||
or two of the strings.
|
||
|
||
`rs'
|
||
String of commands to reset the terminal from any strange mode it
|
||
may be in. Normally this includes the `is' string (or other
|
||
commands with the same effects) and more. What would go in the
|
||
`rs' string but not in the `is' string are annoying or slow
|
||
commands to bring the terminal back from strange modes that nobody
|
||
would normally use.
|
||
|
||
`it'
|
||
Numeric value, the initial spacing between hardware tab stop
|
||
columns when the terminal is powered up. Programs to initialize
|
||
the terminal can use this to decide whether there is a need to set
|
||
the tab stops. If the initial width is 8, well and good; if it is
|
||
not 8, then the tab stops should be set; if they cannot be set,
|
||
the kernel is told to convert tabs to spaces, and other programs
|
||
will observe this and do likewise.
|
||
|
||
`ct'
|
||
String of commands to clear all tab stops.
|
||
|
||
`st'
|
||
String of commands to set tab stop at current cursor column on all
|
||
lines.
|
||
|
||
`NF'
|
||
Flag whose presence means that the terminal does not support
|
||
XON/XOFF flow control. Programs should not send XON (`C-q') or
|
||
XOFF (`C-s') characters to the terminal.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Pad Specs, Next: Status Line, Prev: Initialization, Up: Capabilities
|
||
|
||
Padding Capabilities
|
||
====================
|
||
|
||
There are two terminal capabilities that exist just to explain the
|
||
proper way to obey the padding specifications in all the command string
|
||
capabilities. One, `pc', must be obeyed by all termcap-using programs.
|
||
|
||
`pb'
|
||
Numeric value, the lowest baud rate at which padding is actually
|
||
needed. Programs may check this and refrain from doing any
|
||
padding at lower speeds.
|
||
|
||
`pc'
|
||
String of commands for padding. The first character of this
|
||
string is to be used as the pad character, instead of using null
|
||
characters for padding. If `pc' is not provided, use null
|
||
characters. Every program that uses termcap must look up this
|
||
capability and use it to set the variable `PC' that is used by
|
||
`tputs'. *Note Padding::.
|
||
|
||
Some termcap capabilities exist just to specify the amount of
|
||
padding that the kernel should give to cursor motion commands used in
|
||
ordinary sequential output.
|
||
|
||
`dC'
|
||
Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the
|
||
carriage-return character.
|
||
|
||
`dN'
|
||
Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the newline
|
||
(linefeed) character.
|
||
|
||
`dB'
|
||
Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the
|
||
backspace character.
|
||
|
||
`dF'
|
||
Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the
|
||
formfeed character.
|
||
|
||
`dT'
|
||
Numeric value, the number of msec of padding needed for the tab
|
||
character.
|
||
|
||
In some systems, the kernel uses the above capabilities; in other
|
||
systems, the kernel uses the paddings specified in the string
|
||
capabilities `cr', `sf', `le', `ff' and `ta'. Descriptions of
|
||
terminals which require such padding should contain the `dC' ... `dT'
|
||
capabilities and also specify the appropriate padding in the
|
||
corresponding string capabilities. Since no modern terminals require
|
||
padding for ordinary sequential output, you probably won't need to do
|
||
either of these things.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Status Line, Next: Half-Line, Prev: Pad Specs, Up: Capabilities
|
||
|
||
Status Line
|
||
===========
|
||
|
||
A "status line" is a line on the terminal that is not used for
|
||
ordinary display output but instead used for a special message. The
|
||
intended use is for a continuously updated description of what the
|
||
user's program is doing, and that is where the name "status line" comes
|
||
from, but in fact it could be used for anything. The distinguishing
|
||
characteristic of a status line is that ordinary output to the terminal
|
||
does not affect it; it changes only if the special status line commands
|
||
of this section are used.
|
||
|
||
`hs'
|
||
Flag whose presence means that the terminal has a status line. If
|
||
a terminal description specifies that there is a status line, it
|
||
must provide the `ts' and `fs' capabilities.
|
||
|
||
`ts'
|
||
String of commands to move the terminal cursor into the status
|
||
line. Usually these commands must specifically record the old
|
||
cursor position for the sake of the `fs' string.
|
||
|
||
`fs'
|
||
String of commands to move the cursor back from the status line to
|
||
its previous position (outside the status line).
|
||
|
||
`es'
|
||
Flag whose presence means that other display commands work while
|
||
writing the status line. In other words, one can clear parts of
|
||
it, insert or delete characters, move the cursor within it using
|
||
`ch' if there is a `ch' capability, enter and leave standout mode,
|
||
and so on.
|
||
|
||
`ds'
|
||
String of commands to disable the display of the status line. This
|
||
may be absent, if there is no way to disable the status line
|
||
display.
|
||
|
||
`ws'
|
||
Numeric value, the width of the status line. If this capability is
|
||
absent in a terminal that has a status line, it means the status
|
||
line is the same width as the other lines.
|
||
|
||
Note that the value of `ws' is sometimes as small as 8.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Half-Line, Next: Printer, Prev: Status Line, Up: Capabilities
|
||
|
||
Half-Line Motion
|
||
================
|
||
|
||
Some terminals have commands for moving the cursor vertically by
|
||
half-lines, useful for outputting subscripts and superscripts. Mostly
|
||
it is hardcopy terminals that have such features.
|
||
|
||
`hu'
|
||
String of commands to move the cursor up half a line. If the
|
||
terminal is a display, it is your responsibility to avoid moving
|
||
up past the top line; however, most likely the terminal that
|
||
supports this is a hardcopy terminal and there is nothing to be
|
||
concerned about.
|
||
|
||
`hd'
|
||
String of commands to move the cursor down half a line. If the
|
||
terminal is a display, it is your responsibility to avoid moving
|
||
down past the bottom line, etc.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Printer, Prev: Half-Line, Up: Capabilities
|
||
|
||
Controlling Printers Attached to Terminals
|
||
==========================================
|
||
|
||
Some terminals have attached hardcopy printer ports. They may be
|
||
able to copy the screen contents to the printer; they may also be able
|
||
to redirect output to the printer. Termcap does not have anything to
|
||
tell the program whether the redirected output appears also on the
|
||
screen; it does on some terminals but not all.
|
||
|
||
`ps'
|
||
String of commands to cause the contents of the screen to be
|
||
printed. If it is absent, the screen contents cannot be printed.
|
||
|
||
`po'
|
||
String of commands to redirect further output to the printer.
|
||
|
||
`pf'
|
||
String of commands to terminate redirection of output to the
|
||
printer. This capability must be present in the description if
|
||
`po' is.
|
||
|
||
`pO'
|
||
String of commands to redirect output to the printer for next N
|
||
characters of output, regardless of what they are. Redirection
|
||
will end automatically after N characters of further output. Until
|
||
then, nothing that is output can end redirection, not even the
|
||
`pf' string if there is one. The number N should not be more than
|
||
255.
|
||
|
||
One use of this capability is to send non-text byte sequences
|
||
(such as bit-maps) to the printer.
|
||
|
||
Most terminals with printers do not support all of `ps', `po' and
|
||
`pO'; any one or two of them may be supported. To make a program that
|
||
can send output to all kinds of printers, it is necessary to check for
|
||
all three of these capabilities, choose the most convenient of the ones
|
||
that are provided, and use it in its own appropriate fashion.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Summary, Next: Var Index, Prev: Capabilities, Up: Top
|
||
|
||
Summary of Capability Names
|
||
***************************
|
||
|
||
Here are all the terminal capability names in alphabetical order
|
||
with a brief description of each. For cross references to their
|
||
definitions, see the index of capability names (*note Cap Index::.).
|
||
|
||
`ae'
|
||
String to turn off alternate character set mode.
|
||
|
||
`al'
|
||
String to insert a blank line before the cursor.
|
||
|
||
`AL'
|
||
String to insert N blank lines before the cursor.
|
||
|
||
`am'
|
||
Flag: output to last column wraps cursor to next line.
|
||
|
||
`as'
|
||
String to turn on alternate character set mode.like.
|
||
|
||
`bc'
|
||
Very obsolete alternative name for the `le' capability.
|
||
|
||
`bl'
|
||
String to sound the bell.
|
||
|
||
`bs'
|
||
Obsolete flag: ASCII backspace may be used for leftward motion.
|
||
|
||
`bt'
|
||
String to move the cursor left to the previous hardware tab stop
|
||
column.
|
||
|
||
`bw'
|
||
Flag: `le' at left margin wraps to end of previous line.
|
||
|
||
`CC'
|
||
String to change terminal's command character.
|
||
|
||
`cd'
|
||
String to clear the line the cursor is on, and following lines.
|
||
|
||
`ce'
|
||
String to clear from the cursor to the end of the line.
|
||
|
||
`ch'
|
||
String to position the cursor at column C in the same line.
|
||
|
||
`cl'
|
||
String to clear the entire screen and put cursor at upper left
|
||
corner.
|
||
|
||
`cm'
|
||
String to position the cursor at line L, column C.
|
||
|
||
`CM'
|
||
String to position the cursor at line L, column C, relative to
|
||
display memory.
|
||
|
||
`co'
|
||
Number: width of the screen.
|
||
|
||
`cr'
|
||
String to move cursor sideways to left margin.
|
||
|
||
`cs'
|
||
String to set the scroll region.
|
||
|
||
`cS'
|
||
Alternate form of string to set the scroll region.
|
||
|
||
`ct'
|
||
String to clear all tab stops.
|
||
|
||
`cv'
|
||
String to position the cursor at line L in the same column.
|
||
|
||
`da'
|
||
Flag: data scrolled off top of screen may be scrolled back.
|
||
|
||
`db'
|
||
Flag: data scrolled off bottom of screen may be scrolled back.
|
||
|
||
`dB'
|
||
Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the backspace
|
||
character.
|
||
|
||
`dc'
|
||
String to delete one character position at the cursor.
|
||
|
||
`dC'
|
||
Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the carriage-return
|
||
character.
|
||
|
||
`DC'
|
||
String to delete N characters starting at the cursor.
|
||
|
||
`dF'
|
||
Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the formfeed character.
|
||
|
||
`dl'
|
||
String to delete the line the cursor is on.
|
||
|
||
`DL'
|
||
String to delete N lines starting with the cursor's line.
|
||
|
||
`dm'
|
||
String to enter delete mode.
|
||
|
||
`dN'
|
||
Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the newline character.
|
||
|
||
`do'
|
||
String to move the cursor vertically down one line.
|
||
|
||
`DO'
|
||
String to move cursor vertically down N lines.
|
||
|
||
`ds'
|
||
String to disable the display of the status line.
|
||
|
||
`dT'
|
||
Obsolete number: msec of padding needed for the tab character.
|
||
|
||
`ec'
|
||
String of commands to clear N characters at cursor.
|
||
|
||
`ed'
|
||
String to exit delete mode.
|
||
|
||
`ei'
|
||
String to leave insert mode.
|
||
|
||
`eo'
|
||
Flag: output of a space can erase an overstrike.
|
||
|
||
`es'
|
||
Flag: other display commands work while writing the status line.
|
||
|
||
`ff'
|
||
String to advance to the next page, for a hardcopy terminal.
|
||
|
||
`fs'
|
||
String to move the cursor back from the status line to its
|
||
previous position (outside the status line).
|
||
|
||
`gn'
|
||
Flag: this terminal type is generic, not real.
|
||
|
||
`hc'
|
||
Flag: hardcopy terminal.
|
||
|
||
`hd'
|
||
String to move the cursor down half a line.
|
||
|
||
`ho'
|
||
String to position cursor at upper left corner.
|
||
|
||
`hs'
|
||
Flag: the terminal has a status line.
|
||
|
||
`hu'
|
||
String to move the cursor up half a line.
|
||
|
||
`hz'
|
||
Flag: terminal cannot accept `~' as output.
|
||
|
||
`i1'
|
||
String to initialize the terminal for each login session.
|
||
|
||
`i3'
|
||
String to initialize the terminal for each login session.
|
||
|
||
`ic'
|
||
String to insert one character position at the cursor.
|
||
|
||
`IC'
|
||
String to insert N character positions at the cursor.
|
||
|
||
`if'
|
||
String naming a file of commands to initialize the terminal.
|
||
|
||
`im'
|
||
String to enter insert mode.
|
||
|
||
`in'
|
||
Flag: outputting a space is different from moving over empty
|
||
positions.
|
||
|
||
`ip'
|
||
String to output following an inserted character in insert mode.
|
||
|
||
`is'
|
||
String to initialize the terminal for each login session.
|
||
|
||
`it'
|
||
Number: initial spacing between hardware tab stop columns.
|
||
|
||
`k0'
|
||
String of input sent by function key 0 or 10.
|
||
|
||
`k1 ... k9'
|
||
Strings of input sent by function keys 1 through 9.
|
||
|
||
`K1 ... K5'
|
||
Strings sent by the five other keys in 3-by-3 array with arrows.
|
||
|
||
`ka'
|
||
String of input sent by the "clear all tabs" key.
|
||
|
||
`kA'
|
||
String of input sent by the "insert line" key.
|
||
|
||
`kb'
|
||
String of input sent by the "backspace" key.
|
||
|
||
`kC'
|
||
String of input sent by the "clear screen" key.
|
||
|
||
`kd'
|
||
String of input sent by typing the down-arrow key.
|
||
|
||
`kD'
|
||
String of input sent by the "delete character" key.
|
||
|
||
`ke'
|
||
String to make the function keys work locally.
|
||
|
||
`kE'
|
||
String of input sent by the "clear to end of line" key.
|
||
|
||
`kF'
|
||
String of input sent by the "scroll forward" key.
|
||
|
||
`kh'
|
||
String of input sent by typing the "home-position" key.
|
||
|
||
`kH'
|
||
String of input sent by the "home down" key.
|
||
|
||
`kI'
|
||
String of input sent by the "insert character" or "enter insert
|
||
mode" key.
|
||
|
||
`kl'
|
||
String of input sent by typing the left-arrow key.
|
||
|
||
`kL'
|
||
String of input sent by the "delete line" key.
|
||
|
||
`km'
|
||
Flag: the terminal has a Meta key.
|
||
|
||
`kM'
|
||
String of input sent by the "exit insert mode" key.
|
||
|
||
`kn'
|
||
Numeric value, the number of numbered function keys.
|
||
|
||
`kN'
|
||
String of input sent by the "next page" key.
|
||
|
||
`ko'
|
||
Very obsolete string listing the terminal's named function keys.
|
||
|
||
`kP'
|
||
String of input sent by the "previous page" key.
|
||
|
||
`kr'
|
||
String of input sent by typing the right-arrow key.
|
||
|
||
`kR'
|
||
String of input sent by the "scroll reverse" key.
|
||
|
||
`ks'
|
||
String to make the function keys transmit.
|
||
|
||
`kS'
|
||
String of input sent by the "clear to end of screen" key.
|
||
|
||
`kt'
|
||
String of input sent by the "clear tab stop this column" key.
|
||
|
||
`kT'
|
||
String of input sent by the "set tab stop in this column" key.
|
||
|
||
`ku'
|
||
String of input sent by typing the up-arrow key.
|
||
|
||
`l0'
|
||
String on keyboard labelling function key 0 or 10.
|
||
|
||
`l1 ... l9'
|
||
Strings on keyboard labelling function keys 1 through 9.
|
||
|
||
`le'
|
||
String to move the cursor left one column.
|
||
|
||
`LE'
|
||
String to move cursor left N columns.
|
||
|
||
`li'
|
||
Number: height of the screen.
|
||
|
||
`ll'
|
||
String to position cursor at lower left corner.
|
||
|
||
`lm'
|
||
Number: lines of display memory.
|
||
|
||
`LP'
|
||
Flag: writing to last column of last line will not scroll.
|
||
|
||
`mb'
|
||
String to enter blinking mode.
|
||
|
||
`md'
|
||
String to enter double-bright mode.
|
||
|
||
`me'
|
||
String to turn off all appearance modes
|
||
|
||
`mh'
|
||
String to enter half-bright mode.
|
||
|
||
`mi'
|
||
Flag: cursor motion in insert mode is safe.
|
||
|
||
`mk'
|
||
String to enter invisible mode.
|
||
|
||
`mm'
|
||
String to enable the functioning of the Meta key.
|
||
|
||
`mo'
|
||
String to disable the functioning of the Meta key.
|
||
|
||
`mp'
|
||
String to enter protected mode.
|
||
|
||
`mr'
|
||
String to enter reverse-video mode.
|
||
|
||
`ms'
|
||
Flag: cursor motion in standout mode is safe.
|
||
|
||
`nc'
|
||
Obsolete flag: do not use ASCII carriage-return on this terminal.
|
||
|
||
`nd'
|
||
String to move the cursor right one column.
|
||
|
||
`NF'
|
||
Flag: do not use XON/XOFF flow control.
|
||
|
||
`nl'
|
||
Obsolete alternative name for the `do' and `sf' capabilities.
|
||
|
||
`ns'
|
||
Flag: the terminal does not normally scroll for sequential output.
|
||
|
||
`nw'
|
||
String to move to start of next line, possibly clearing rest of
|
||
old line.
|
||
|
||
`os'
|
||
Flag: terminal can overstrike.
|
||
|
||
`pb'
|
||
Number: the lowest baud rate at which padding is actually needed.
|
||
|
||
`pc'
|
||
String containing character for padding.
|
||
|
||
`pf'
|
||
String to terminate redirection of output to the printer.
|
||
|
||
`po'
|
||
String to redirect further output to the printer.
|
||
|
||
`pO'
|
||
String to redirect N characters ofoutput to the printer.
|
||
|
||
`ps'
|
||
String to print the screen on the attached printer.
|
||
|
||
`rc'
|
||
String to move to last saved cursor position.
|
||
|
||
`RI'
|
||
String to move cursor right N columns.
|
||
|
||
`rp'
|
||
String to output character C repeated N times.
|
||
|
||
`rs'
|
||
String to reset the terminal from any strange modes.
|
||
|
||
`sa'
|
||
String to turn on an arbitrary combination of appearance modes.
|
||
|
||
`sc'
|
||
String to save the current cursor position.
|
||
|
||
`se'
|
||
String to leave standout mode.
|
||
|
||
`sf'
|
||
String to scroll the screen one line up.
|
||
|
||
`SF'
|
||
String to scroll the screen N lines up.
|
||
|
||
`sg'
|
||
Number: width of magic standout cookie. Absent if magic cookies
|
||
are not used.
|
||
|
||
`so'
|
||
String to enter standout mode.
|
||
|
||
`sr'
|
||
String to scroll the screen one line down.
|
||
|
||
`SR'
|
||
String to scroll the screen N line down.
|
||
|
||
`st'
|
||
String to set tab stop at current cursor column on all lines.
|
||
programs.
|
||
|
||
`ta'
|
||
String to move the cursor right to the next hardware tab stop
|
||
column.
|
||
|
||
`te'
|
||
String to return terminal to settings for sequential output.
|
||
|
||
`ti'
|
||
String to initialize terminal for random cursor motion.
|
||
|
||
`ts'
|
||
String to move the terminal cursor into the status line.
|
||
|
||
`uc'
|
||
String to underline one character and move cursor right.
|
||
|
||
`ue'
|
||
String to turn off underline mode
|
||
|
||
`ug'
|
||
Number: width of underlining magic cookie. Absent if underlining
|
||
doesn't use magic cookies.
|
||
|
||
`ul'
|
||
Flag: underline by overstriking with an underscore.
|
||
|
||
`up'
|
||
String to move the cursor vertically up one line.
|
||
|
||
`UP'
|
||
String to move cursor vertically up N lines.
|
||
|
||
`us'
|
||
String to turn on underline mode
|
||
|
||
`vb'
|
||
String to make the screen flash.
|
||
|
||
`ve'
|
||
String to return the cursor to normal.
|
||
|
||
`vi'
|
||
String to make the cursor invisible.
|
||
|
||
`vs'
|
||
String to enhance the cursor.
|
||
|
||
`wi'
|
||
String to set the terminal output screen window.
|
||
|
||
`ws'
|
||
Number: the width of the status line.
|
||
|
||
`xb'
|
||
Flag: superbee terminal.
|
||
|
||
`xn'
|
||
Flag: cursor wraps in a strange way.
|
||
|
||
`xs'
|
||
Flag: clearing a line is the only way to clear the appearance
|
||
modes of positions in that line (or, only way to remove magic
|
||
cookies on that line).
|
||
|
||
`xt'
|
||
Flag: Teleray 1061; several strange characteristics.
|
||
|
||
|
||
File: termcap.info, Node: Var Index, Next: Cap Index, Prev: Summary, Up: Top
|
||
|
||
Variable and Function Index
|
||
***************************
|
||
|
||
* Menu:
|
||
|
||
* BC: tgoto.
|
||
* ospeed: Output Padding.
|
||
* PC: Output Padding.
|
||
* tgetent: Find.
|
||
* tgetflag: Interrogate.
|
||
* tgetnum: Interrogate.
|
||
* tgetstr: Interrogate.
|
||
* tgoto: tgoto.
|
||
* tparam: tparam.
|
||
* tputs: Output Padding.
|
||
* UP: tgoto.
|
||
|