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doc/bashref.info
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@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ input file ./bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell.
This is Edition 2.0, last updated 25 November 1996,
This is Edition 2.0, last updated 19 May 1997,
of `The GNU Bash Reference Manual',
for `Bash', Version 2.0.
for `Bash', Version 2.01.
Copyright (C) 1991, 1993, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ Bash Features
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
the Bash shell.
This is Edition 2.0, last updated 25 November 1996, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 2.0.
This is Edition 2.0, last updated 19 May 1997, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 2.01.
Copyright (C) 1991, 1993, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@ -205,8 +205,8 @@ Definitions
descended from it, that are all in the same process group.
`job control'
A mechanism by which users can selectively start and stop execution
of processes.
A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and
restart (resume) execution of processes.
`metacharacter'
A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter
@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ Conditional Constructs
`case'
The syntax of the `case' command is:
`case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac'
`case WORD in [ ( PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac'
Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN.
The `|' is used to separate multiple patterns.
@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ Conditional Constructs
(( EXPRESSION ))
The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules described below
((*note Arithmetic Evaluation::.). If the value of the expression
(*note Arithmetic Evaluation::.). If the value of the expression
is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return status
is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
let "EXPRESSION"
@ -673,8 +673,8 @@ the list may be redirected to a single stream.
difference between these two constructs due to historical reasons. The
braces are `reserved words', so they must be separated from the LIST by
`blank's. The parentheses are `operators', and are recognized as
separate tokens by the shell even if they are not separated from `list'
by whitespace.
separate tokens by the shell even if they are not separated from the
LIST by whitespace.
The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of
LIST.
@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ status of the last command executed in the body.
When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become
the positional parameters during its execution (*note Positional
Parameters::.). The special parameter `#' that gives the number of
Parameters::.). The special parameter `#' that expands to the number of
positional parameters is updated to reflect the change. Positional
parameter `0' is unchanged.
@ -783,8 +783,9 @@ only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
with the value of each parameter separated by the first character
of the `IFS' special variable. That is, `"$*"' is equivalent to
`"$1C$2C..."', where C is the first character of the value of the
`IFS' variable. If `IFS' is null or unset, the parameters are
separated by spaces.
`IFS' variable. If `IFS' is unset, the parameters are separated
by spaces. If `IFS' is null, the parameters are joined without
intervening separators.
`@'
Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
@ -880,7 +881,7 @@ parameter, variable, and arithemtic expansion and command substitution.
Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion can
change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the
expansions of `"$@"' (*note Special Parameters::.) and `"${[@]}"'
expansions of `"$@"' (*note Special Parameters::.) and `"${NAME[@]}"'
(*note Arrays::.).
After all expansions, `quote removal' (*note Quote Removal::.) is
@ -907,9 +908,9 @@ name.
If the first character of PARAMETER is an exclamation point, a level
of variable indirection is introduced. Bash uses the value of the
variable formed from the rest of PARAMETER as the name of the variable;
this variable is then expanded and that value used in the rest of the
substitution, rather than the value of PARAMETER itself. This is known
as `indirect expansion'.
this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of
the substitution, rather than the value of PARAMETER itself. This is
known as `indirect expansion'.
In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion,
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
@ -1654,20 +1655,21 @@ standard.
children.
`trap'
trap [-lp] [ARG] [SIGSPEC]
trap [-lp] [ARG] [SIGSPEC ...]
The commands in ARG are to be read and executed when the shell
receives signal SIGSPEC. If ARG is absent or equal to `-', all
specified signals are reset to the values they had when the shell
was started. If ARG is the null string, then SIGSPEC is ignored by
the shell and commands it invokes. If ARG is `-p', the shell
displays the trap commands associated with each SIGSPEC. If no
arguments are supplied, or only `-p' is given, `trap' prints the
list of commands associated with each signal number. SIGSPEC is
either a signal name such as `SIGINT' or a signal number. If
SIGSPEC is `0' or `EXIT', ARG is executed when the shell exits.
If SIGSPEC is `DEBUG', the command ARG is executed after every
simple command. The `-l' option causes the shell to print a list
of signal names and their corresponding numbers.
was started. If ARG is the null string, then the signal specified
by each SIGSPEC is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
If ARG is `-p', the shell displays the trap commands associated
with each SIGSPEC. If no arguments are supplied, or only `-p' is
given, `trap' prints the list of commands associated with each
signal number. Each SIGSPEC is either a signal name such as
`SIGINT' (with or without the `SIG' prefix) or a signal number.
If a SIGSPEC is `0' or `EXIT', ARG is executed when the shell
exits. If a SIGSPEC is `DEBUG', the command ARG is executed after
every simple command. The `-l' option causes the shell to print a
list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.
Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child
@ -1826,7 +1828,7 @@ translation of the characters between the double quotes. The `-D' and
`--dump-strings' invocation options list the translatable strings found
in a script (*note Locale Translation::.).
The expansion `${var:'LENGTH`[:'OFFSET`]}', which expands to the
The expansion `${var:'OFFSET`[:'LENGTH`]}', which expands to the
substring of `var''s value of length LENGTH, optionally beginning at
OFFSET, is present (*note Shell Parameter Expansion::.).
@ -1842,10 +1844,10 @@ Parameter Expansion::.).
Bash has process substitution (*note Process Substitution::.).
Bash automatically assigns variables that provide information about
the current user (`UID' and `EUID'), the current host (`HOSTTYPE',
`OSTYPE', `MACHTYPE', and `HOSTNAME'), and the instance of Bash that is
running (`BASH', `BASH_VERSION', and `BASH_VERSINFO'. *Note Bash
Variables::, for details.
the current user (`UID', `EUID', and `GROUPS'), the current host
(`HOSTTYPE', `OSTYPE', `MACHTYPE', and `HOSTNAME'), and the instance of
Bash that is running (`BASH', `BASH_VERSION', and `BASH_VERSINFO'.
*Note Bash Variables::, for details.
The `IFS' variable is used to split only the results of expansion,
not all words (*note Word Splitting::.). This closes a longstanding
@ -1858,9 +1860,9 @@ shell security hole.
`local' builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written.
Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command,
even builtins and functions. In `sh', all variable assignments
preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the
file system.
even builtins and functions (*note Environment::.). In `sh', all
variable assignments preceding commands are global unless the command
is executed from the file system.
Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands
to output redirection operators.
@ -1932,16 +1934,17 @@ shell input, a `-n' option to remove various variable attributes, and
`name=value' arguments to set variable attributes and values
simultaneously.
The Bash `cd' and `pwd' builtins each take `-L' and `-P' builtins to
switch between logical and physical modes.
The Bash `cd' and `pwd' builtins (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::.)
each take `-L' and `-P' builtins to switch between logical and physical
modes.
The Bash `type' builtin is more extensive and gives more information
about the names it finds.
about the names it finds (*note Bash Builtins::.).
Bash implements a `csh'-like directory stack, and provides the
`pushd', `popd', and `dirs' builtins to manipulate it. Bash also makes
the directory stack visible as the value of the `DIRSTACK' shell
variable.
`pushd', `popd', and `dirs' builtins to manipulate it (*note C Shell
Builtins::.). Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value
of the `DIRSTACK' shell variable.
The Bash restricted mode is more useful (*note The Restricted
Shell::.); the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited.
@ -1979,10 +1982,10 @@ from many of the limitations of the SVR4.2 shell. For instance:
`SIGSEGV' blocked (e.g., by using the `system()' C library
function call), the shell misbehaves badly.
* In a questionable attempt at security, the SVR4.2 shell will alter
its real and effective UID and GID if they are less than some
threshold value, commonly 100. This can lead to unexpected
results.
* In a questionable attempt at security, the SVR4.2 shell, when
invoked without the `-p' option, will alter its real and effective
UID and GID if they are less than some magic threshold value,
commonly 100. This can lead to unexpected results.
* The SVR4.2 shell does not allow users to trap `SIGALRM' or
`SIGCHLD'.
@ -1999,7 +2002,7 @@ from many of the limitations of the SVR4.2 shell. For instance:
* The SVR4.2 shell exits a script if any builtin fails; Bash exits a
script only if one of the POSIX.2 special builtins fails, and only
for certain failures, as enumerated in the `POSIX.2' standard.
for certain failures, as enumerated in the POSIX.2 standard.
* The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as `jsh' (it
turns on job control).
@ -2108,13 +2111,13 @@ to `csh'.
`+N'
Brings the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list
printed by `dirs') to the top of the list by rotating the
stack.
printed by `dirs', starting with zero) to the top of the list
by rotating the stack.
`-N'
Brings the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list
printed by `dirs') to the top of the list by rotating the
stack.
printed by `dirs', starting with zero) to the top of the list
by rotating the stack.
`-n'
Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
@ -2288,10 +2291,10 @@ saved in the variable `REPLY'.
completes.
Bash also has adopted command timing from the Korn shell. If the
`time' reserved word precedes a pipeline or simple command, timing
statistics for the pipeline are displayed when it completes. The
statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and user and
system time consumed by the command's execution.
`time' reserved word precedes a pipeline, which may consist of a single
command, timing statistics for the pipeline are displayed when it
completes. The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock)
time and user and system time consumed by the command's execution.
The use of `time' as a reserved word permits the timing of shell
builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external `time' command
@ -2389,12 +2392,6 @@ Korn Shell Variables
The line number in the script or shell function currently
executing.
`ENV'
If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup
file to read before executing the script. *Note Bash Startup
Files::.
`FCEDIT'
The editor used as a default by the `fc' builtin command.
@ -2609,17 +2606,18 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Bash Startup Files, Next: Is This Shell Interactive?
Bash Startup Files
==================
This section describs how bash executes its startup files. If any
of the files exist but cannot be read, bash reports an error. Tildes
This section describs how Bash executes its startup files. If any
of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error. Tildes
are expanded in file names as described above under Tilde Expansion
(*note Tilde Expansion::.).
When Bash is invoked as a login shell, it first reads and executes
commands from the file `/etc/profile', if that file exists. After
reading that file, it looks for `~/.bash_profile', `~/.bash_login', and
`~/.profile', in that order, and reads and executes commands from the
first one that exists and is readable. The `--noprofile' option may be
used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, it first reads
and executes commands from the file `/etc/profile', if that file exists.
After reading that file, it looks for `~/.bash_profile',
`~/.bash_login', and `~/.profile', in that order, and reads and
executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable. The
`--noprofile' option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit
this behavior.
When a login shell exits, Bash reads and executes commands from the
file `~/.bash_logout', if it exists.
@ -2667,7 +2665,7 @@ are read.
line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files. In this
mode, the `ENV' variable is expanded and commands are read and executed
from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other startup files
are read. This is done by both interactive and non-interactive shells.
are read. This is done by interactive shells only.
Bash attempts to determine when it is being run by the remote shell
daemon, usually `rshd'. If Bash determines it is being run by rshd, it
@ -2699,6 +2697,14 @@ Thus:
echo This shell is interactive
fi
Alternatively, you may test the value of the `-' special parameter.
It contains `i' when the shell is interactive. For example:
case "$-" in
*i*) echo This shell is interactive ;;
*) echo This shell is not interactive ;;
esac

File: bashref.info, Node: Bash Builtins, Next: The Set Builtin, Prev: Is This Shell Interactive?, Up: Bash Features
@ -2764,9 +2770,9 @@ been extended in Bash.
`builtin'
builtin [SHELL-BUILTIN [ARGS]]
Run a shell builtin. This is useful when you wish to rename a
shell builtin to be a function, but need the functionality of the
builtin within the function itself.
Run a shell builtin. This is useful when you wish to define a
shell function with the same name as a shell builtin, but need the
functionality of the builtin within the function itself.
`command'
command [-pVv] COMMAND [ARGS ...]
@ -2974,7 +2980,7 @@ been extended in Bash.
are transposed characters, a missing character, and a
character too many. If a correction is found, the corrected
path is printed, and the command proceeds. This option is
enabled by default, but is only used by interactive shells.
only used by interactive shells.
`checkhash'
If this is set, Bash checks that a command found in the hash
@ -3018,7 +3024,8 @@ been extended in Bash.
`hostcomplete'
If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to
perform hostname completion when a word beginning with `@' is
being completed (*note Commands For Completion::.).
being completed (*note Commands For Completion::.). This
option is enabled by default.
`interactive_comments'
Allow a word beginning with `#' to cause that word and all
@ -3249,10 +3256,10 @@ The Set Builtin
same as `-x'.
`-p'
Turn on privileged mode. In this mode, the `$ENV' file is
not processed, and shell functions are not inherited from the
environment. This is enabled automatically on startup if the
effective user (group) id is not equal to the real user
Turn on privileged mode. In this mode, the `$BASH_ENV' file
is not processed, and shell functions are not inherited from
the environment. This is enabled automatically on startup if
the effective user (group) id is not equal to the real user
(group) id. Turning this option off causes the effective user
and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
@ -3484,6 +3491,12 @@ Bash Variables
These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells do not
normally treat them specially.
`BASH_ENV'
If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup
file to read before executing the script. *Note Bash Startup
Files::.
`TIMEFORMAT'
The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the `time'
@ -3518,9 +3531,9 @@ normally treat them specially.
fraction is included.
If this variable is not set, bash acts as if it had the value
`$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS''. If the value is null,
no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
when the format string is displayed.
`$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS''.
If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A
trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
`HISTCONTROL'
Set to a value of `ignorespace', it means don't enter lines which
@ -3603,6 +3616,10 @@ normally treat them specially.
`EUID'
The numeric effective user id of the current user.
`GROUPS'
An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
current user is a member.
`PPID'
The process id of the shell's parent process.
@ -3691,8 +3708,8 @@ normally treat them specially.
`SHLVL'
Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started.
This is intended to be an account of how deeply your Bash shells
are nested.
This is intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are
nested.
`OPTERR'
If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages generated by
@ -3706,9 +3723,13 @@ normally treat them specially.
This variable overrides the value of `LANG' and any other `LC_'
variable specifying a locale category.
`LC_COLLATE'
This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
results of filename expansion (*note Filename Expansion::.).
`LC_MESSAGES'
This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
strings preceded by a `$'.
strings preceded by a `$' (*note Locale Translation::.).
`IGNOREEOF'
Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an `EOF' character
@ -4110,6 +4131,9 @@ specified by POSIX.2 in areas where the Bash default differs.
20. Assignment statements preceding POSIX.2 `special' builtins persist
in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
21. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
in the format required by POSIX.2.
There is other POSIX.2 behavior that Bash does not implement.
Specifically:
@ -4264,10 +4288,11 @@ Job Control Builtins
kill [-s SIGSPEC] [-n SIGNUM] [-SIGSPEC] JOBSPEC
kill -l [SIGSPEC]
Send a signal specified by SIGSPEC or SIGNUM to the process named
by JOBSPEC. SIGSPEC is either a signal name such as `SIGINT' or a
signal number; SIGNUM is a signal number. If SIGSPEC and SIGNUM
are not present, `SIGTERM' is used. The `-l' option lists the
signal names, or the signal name corresponding to SIGSPEC.
by JOBSPEC. SIGSPEC is either a signal name such as `SIGINT'
(with or without the `SIG' prefix) or a signal number; SIGNUM is a
signal number. If SIGSPEC and SIGNUM are not present, `SIGTERM'
is used. The `-l' option lists the signal names, or the signal
name corresponding to SIGSPEC.
`wait'
wait [JOBSPEC|PID]
@ -4304,12 +4329,12 @@ Job Control Variables
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
job control. If this variable exists then single word simple
commands without redirects are treated as candidates for resumption
of an existing job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if you have
more than one job beginning with the string that you have typed,
then the most recently accessed job will be selected. The name of
a stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
it. If this variable is set to the value `exact', the string
supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to
of an existing job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is
more than one job beginning with the string typed, then the most
recently accessed job will be selected. The name of a stopped
job, in this context, is the command line used to start it. If
this variable is set to the value `exact', the string supplied
must match the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to
`substring', the string supplied needs to match a substring of the
name of a stopped job. The `substring' value provides
functionality analogous to the `%?' job ID (*note Job Control
@ -5094,31 +5119,31 @@ binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
#
# Arrow keys in keypad mode
#
#"\M-OD" backward-char
#"\M-OC" forward-char
#"\M-OA" previous-history
#"\M-OB" next-history
#"\M-OD": backward-char
#"\M-OC": forward-char
#"\M-OA": previous-history
#"\M-OB": next-history
#
# Arrow keys in ANSI mode
#
"\M-[D" backward-char
"\M-[C" forward-char
"\M-[A" previous-history
"\M-[B" next-history
"\M-[D": backward-char
"\M-[C": forward-char
"\M-[A": previous-history
"\M-[B": next-history
#
# Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode
#
#"\M-\C-OD" backward-char
#"\M-\C-OC" forward-char
#"\M-\C-OA" previous-history
#"\M-\C-OB" next-history
#"\M-\C-OD": backward-char
#"\M-\C-OC": forward-char
#"\M-\C-OA": previous-history
#"\M-\C-OB": next-history
#
# Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode
#
#"\M-\C-[D" backward-char
#"\M-\C-[C" forward-char
#"\M-\C-[A" previous-history
#"\M-\C-[B" next-history
#"\M-\C-[D": backward-char
#"\M-\C-[C": forward-char
#"\M-\C-[A": previous-history
#"\M-\C-[B": next-history
C-q: quoted-insert
@ -5410,10 +5435,17 @@ Specifying Numeric Arguments
argument. M- starts a negative argument.
`universal-argument ()'
Each time this is executed, the argument count is multiplied by
four. The argument count is initially one, so executing this
function the first time makes the argument count four. By
default, this is not bound to a key.
This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is
followed by digits, executing `universal-argument' again ends the
numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if
this command is immediately followed by a character that is
neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next
command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
one, so executing this function the first time makes the argument
count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so
on. By default, this is not bound to a key.

File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For Completion, Next: Keyboard Macros, Prev: Numeric Arguments, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
@ -5606,6 +5638,12 @@ Some Miscellaneous Commands
`history-expand-line (M-^)'
Perform history expansion on the current line.
`alias-expand-line'
Perform alias expansion on the current line (*note Aliases::.).
`history-and-alias-expand-line'
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
`insert-last-argument (M-., M-_)'
A synonym for `yank-last-arg'.
@ -5652,7 +5690,7 @@ OS/2, Windows 95, and Windows NT.
* Menu:
* Basic Installation:: Generic installation instructions.
* Basic Installation:: Installation instructions.
* Compilers and Options:: How to set special options for various
systems.
@ -5679,7 +5717,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Basic Installation, Next: Compilers and Options, Up
Basic Installation
==================
These are generic installation instructions for Bash.
These are installation instructions for Bash.
The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses
@ -5702,7 +5740,15 @@ they can be considered for the next release.
The file `configure.in' is used to create `configure' by a program
called Autoconf. You only need `configure.in' if you want to change it
or regenerate `configure' using a newer version of Autoconf. If you do
this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.9 or newer.
this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.10 or newer.
If you need to change `configure.in' or regenerate `configure', you
will need to create two files: `_distribution' and `_patchlevel'.
`_distribution' should contain the major and minor version numbers of
the Bash distribution, for example `2.01'. `_patchlevel' should
contain the patch level of the Bash distribution, `0' for example. The
script `support/mkconffiles' has been provided to automate the creation
of these files.
The simplest way to compile Bash is:
@ -5880,21 +5926,27 @@ configure Bash without a feature that is enabled by default, use
Here is a complete list of the `--enable-' and `--with-' options
that the Bash `configure' recognizes.
`--with-gnu-malloc'
Use the GNU version of `malloc' in `lib/malloc/malloc.c'. This is
not the same `malloc' that appears in GNU libc, but an older
version derived from the 4.2 BSD `malloc'. This `malloc' is very
fast, but wastes a lot of space. This option is enabled by
default. The `NOTES' file contains a list of systems for which
this should be turned off.
`--with-afs'
Define if you are using the Andrew File System from Transarc.
`--with-curses'
Use the curses library instead of the termcap library. This should
be supplied if your system has an inadequate or incomplete termcap
database.
`--with-glibc-malloc'
Use the GNU libc version of `malloc' in `lib/malloc/gmalloc.c'.
This is somewhat slower than the default `malloc', but wastes
considerably less space.
`--with-afs'
Define if you are using the Andrew File System from Transarc.
`--with-gnu-malloc'
Use the GNU version of `malloc' in `lib/malloc/malloc.c'. This is
not the same `malloc' that appears in GNU libc, but an older
version derived from the 4.2 BSD `malloc'. This `malloc' is very
fast, but wastes a lot of space. This option is enabled by
default. The `NOTES' file contains a list of systems for which
this should be turned off, and `configure' disables this option
automatically for a number of systems.
`--with-purify'
Define this to use the Purify memory allocation checker from Pure
@ -5912,32 +5964,48 @@ enabled using `enable-FEATURE'.
`usg-echo-default' are enabled by default, unless the operating system
does not provide the necessary support.
`--enable-job-control'
This enables job control features, if the OS supports them.
`--enable-alias'
Allow alias expansion and include the `alias' and `unalias'
builtins.
`--enable-readline'
Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
version of the Readline library.
`--enable-history'
Include command history and the `fc' and `history' builtin
commands.
`--enable-array-variables'
Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables.
`--enable-bang-history'
Include support for `csh'-like history substitution.
`--enable-brace-expansion'
Include `csh'-like brace expansion ( `b{a,b}c' ==> `bac bbc' ).
`--enable-command-timing'
Include support for recognizing `time' as a reserved word and for
displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following `time'.
This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to
be timed.
`--enable-directory-stack'
Include support for a `csh'-like directory stack and the `pushd',
`popd', and `dirs' builtins.
`--enable-restricted'
Include support for a "restricted shell". If this is enabled,
Bash, when called as `rbash', enters a restricted mode. See *Note
The Restricted Shell::, for a description of restricted mode.
`--enable-disabled-builtins'
Allow builtin commands to be invoked via `builtin xxx' even after
`xxx' has been disabled using `enable -n xxx'. See *Note Bash
Builtins::, for details of the `builtin' and `enable' builtin
commands.
`--enable-dparen-arithmetic'
Include support for the `ksh' `((...))' command.
`--enable-help-builtin'
Include the `help' builtin, which displays help on shell builtins
and variables.
`--enable-history'
Include command history and the `fc' and `history' builtin
commands.
`--enable-job-control'
This enables job control features, if the OS supports them.
`--enable-process-substitution'
This enables process substitution (*note Process Substitution::.)
@ -5948,35 +6016,19 @@ does not provide the necessary support.
characters in the `$PS1', `$PS2', `$PS3', and `$PS4' prompt
strings.
`--enable-readline'
Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
version of the Readline library.
`--enable-restricted'
Include support for a "restricted shell". If this is enabled,
Bash, when called as `rbash', enters a restricted mode. See *Note
The Restricted Shell::, for a description of restricted mode.
`--enable-select'
Include the `ksh' `select' builtin, which allows the generation of
simple menus.
`--enable-help-builtin'
Include the `help' builtin, which displays help on shell builtins
and variables.
`--enable-array-variables'
Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables.
`--enable-dparen-arithmetic'
Include support for the `ksh' `((...))' command.
`--enable-brace-expansion'
Include `csh'-like brace expansion ( `b{a,b}c' ==> `bac bbc' ).
`--enable-disabled-builtins'
Allow builtin commands to be invoked via `builtin xxx' even after
`xxx' has been disabled using `enable -n xxx'. See *Note Bash
Builtins::, for details of the `builtin' and `enable' builtin
commands.
`--enable-command-timing'
Include support for recognizing `time' as a reserved word and for
displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following `time'.
This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to
be timed.
`--enable-usg-echo-default'
Make the `echo' builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by
default, without requiring the `-e' option. This makes the Bash
@ -6000,7 +6052,7 @@ of Bash that you have.
Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
`bashbug' command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are
welcome to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug
encouraged to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug
reports may be mailed to `bug-bash@prep.ai.MIT.Edu' or posted to the
Usenet newsgroup `gnu.bash.bug'.
@ -6132,6 +6184,7 @@ Parameter and Variable Index
* _: Special Parameters.
* auto_resume: Job Control Variables.
* BASH: Bash Variables.
* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables.
* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables.
* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables.
* bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax.
@ -6143,12 +6196,12 @@ Parameter and Variable Index
* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax.
* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax.
* ENV: Korn Shell Variables.
* EUID: Bash Variables.
* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax.
* FCEDIT: Korn Shell Variables.
* FIGNORE: Bash Variables.
* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables.
* GROUPS: Bash Variables.
* histchars: Bash Variables.
* HISTCMD: Bash Variables.
* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables.
@ -6169,6 +6222,7 @@ Parameter and Variable Index
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
* LANG: Bash Variables.
* LC_ALL: Bash Variables.
* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables.
* LC_MESSAGES: Bash Variables.
* LINENO: Korn Shell Variables.
* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables.
@ -6391,123 +6445,123 @@ Concept Index

Tag Table:
Node: Top1009
Node: Introduction3117
Node: What is Bash?3342
Node: What is a shell?4426
Node: Definitions6307
Node: Basic Shell Features8947
Node: Shell Syntax10468
Node: Shell Operation10758
Node: Quoting11992
Node: Escape Character13027
Node: Single Quotes13458
Node: Double Quotes13787
Node: ANSI-C Quoting14483
Node: Locale Translation15215
Node: Comments15636
Node: Simple Commands16160
Node: Pipelines16749
Node: Lists17820
Node: Looping Constructs19095
Node: Conditional Constructs20272
Node: Command Grouping22337
Node: Shell Functions23721
Node: Shell Parameters25489
Node: Positional Parameters26812
Node: Special Parameters27506
Node: Shell Expansions29998
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion31998
Node: Command Substitution38003
Node: Process Substitution39003
Node: Word Splitting39909
Node: Filename Expansion41361
Node: Quote Removal43727
Node: Redirections44013
Node: Executing Commands49754
Node: Command Search and Execution50209
Node: Environment51943
Node: Exit Status53579
Node: Signals54596
Node: Shell Scripts55807
Node: Bourne Shell Features57676
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins58346
Node: Bourne Shell Variables66619
Node: Other Bourne Shell Features68156
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell68913
Node: Csh Features79111
Node: Brace Expansion80029
Node: Tilde Expansion81584
Node: C Shell Builtins82216
Node: C Shell Variables86732
Node: Korn Shell Features87140
Node: Korn Shell Constructs87868
Node: Korn Shell Builtins89562
Node: Korn Shell Variables91720
Node: Aliases93505
Node: Alias Builtins95969
Node: Bash Features96585
Node: Invoking Bash97576
Node: Bash Startup Files101441
Node: Is This Shell Interactive?105024
Node: Bash Builtins105755
Node: The Set Builtin121569
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions126939
Node: Bash Variables131590
Node: Shell Arithmetic141103
Node: Arithmetic Evaluation141571
Node: Arithmetic Expansion143601
Node: Arithmetic Builtins144405
Node: Arrays144876
Node: Printing a Prompt147903
Node: The Restricted Shell149501
Node: Bash POSIX Mode150731
Node: Job Control154303
Node: Job Control Basics154768
Node: Job Control Builtins158911
Node: Job Control Variables161794
Node: Using History Interactively162955
Node: Bash History Facilities163544
Node: History Interaction165942
Node: Event Designators168504
Node: Word Designators169427
Node: Modifiers170676
Node: Command Line Editing171993
Node: Introduction and Notation172653
Node: Readline Interaction173661
Node: Readline Bare Essentials174849
Node: Readline Movement Commands176378
Node: Readline Killing Commands177268
Node: Readline Arguments178970
Node: Searching179943
Node: Readline Init File181579
Node: Readline Init File Syntax182635
Node: Conditional Init Constructs190424
Node: Sample Init File192705
Node: Bindable Readline Commands195722
Node: Commands For Moving196472
Node: Commands For History197319
Node: Commands For Text199992
Node: Commands For Killing201734
Node: Numeric Arguments203760
Node: Commands For Completion204386
Node: Keyboard Macros207348
Node: Miscellaneous Commands207906
Node: Readline vi Mode211937
Node: Installing Bash212813
Node: Basic Installation213890
Node: Compilers and Options216389
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures217123
Node: Installation Names218780
Node: Specifying the System Type219502
Node: Sharing Defaults220213
Node: Operation Controls220878
Node: Optional Features221783
Node: Reporting Bugs226408
Node: Builtin Index227485
Node: Reserved Word Index230898
Node: Variable Index232206
Node: Function Index237285
Node: Concept Index241643
Node: Top1005
Node: Introduction3109
Node: What is Bash?3334
Node: What is a shell?4418
Node: Definitions6299
Node: Basic Shell Features8960
Node: Shell Syntax10481
Node: Shell Operation10771
Node: Quoting12005
Node: Escape Character13040
Node: Single Quotes13471
Node: Double Quotes13800
Node: ANSI-C Quoting14496
Node: Locale Translation15228
Node: Comments15649
Node: Simple Commands16173
Node: Pipelines16762
Node: Lists17833
Node: Looping Constructs19108
Node: Conditional Constructs20285
Node: Command Grouping22352
Node: Shell Functions23738
Node: Shell Parameters25511
Node: Positional Parameters26834
Node: Special Parameters27528
Node: Shell Expansions30094
Node: Shell Parameter Expansion32098
Node: Command Substitution38106
Node: Process Substitution39106
Node: Word Splitting40012
Node: Filename Expansion41464
Node: Quote Removal43830
Node: Redirections44116
Node: Executing Commands49857
Node: Command Search and Execution50312
Node: Environment52046
Node: Exit Status53682
Node: Signals54699
Node: Shell Scripts55910
Node: Bourne Shell Features57779
Node: Bourne Shell Builtins58449
Node: Bourne Shell Variables66803
Node: Other Bourne Shell Features68340
Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell69097
Node: Csh Features79457
Node: Brace Expansion80375
Node: Tilde Expansion81930
Node: C Shell Builtins82562
Node: C Shell Variables87118
Node: Korn Shell Features87526
Node: Korn Shell Constructs88254
Node: Korn Shell Builtins89969
Node: Korn Shell Variables92127
Node: Aliases93686
Node: Alias Builtins96150
Node: Bash Features96766
Node: Invoking Bash97757
Node: Bash Startup Files101622
Node: Is This Shell Interactive?105197
Node: Bash Builtins106180
Node: The Set Builtin122035
Node: Bash Conditional Expressions127410
Node: Bash Variables132061
Node: Shell Arithmetic142095
Node: Arithmetic Evaluation142563
Node: Arithmetic Expansion144593
Node: Arithmetic Builtins145397
Node: Arrays145868
Node: Printing a Prompt148895
Node: The Restricted Shell150493
Node: Bash POSIX Mode151723
Node: Job Control155407
Node: Job Control Basics155872
Node: Job Control Builtins160015
Node: Job Control Variables162938
Node: Using History Interactively164085
Node: Bash History Facilities164674
Node: History Interaction167072
Node: Event Designators169634
Node: Word Designators170557
Node: Modifiers171806
Node: Command Line Editing173123
Node: Introduction and Notation173783
Node: Readline Interaction174791
Node: Readline Bare Essentials175979
Node: Readline Movement Commands177508
Node: Readline Killing Commands178398
Node: Readline Arguments180100
Node: Searching181073
Node: Readline Init File182709
Node: Readline Init File Syntax183765
Node: Conditional Init Constructs191554
Node: Sample Init File193835
Node: Bindable Readline Commands196868
Node: Commands For Moving197618
Node: Commands For History198465
Node: Commands For Text201138
Node: Commands For Killing202880
Node: Numeric Arguments204906
Node: Commands For Completion206030
Node: Keyboard Macros208992
Node: Miscellaneous Commands209550
Node: Readline vi Mode213766
Node: Installing Bash214642
Node: Basic Installation215711
Node: Compilers and Options218636
Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures219370
Node: Installation Names221027
Node: Specifying the System Type221749
Node: Sharing Defaults222460
Node: Operation Controls223125
Node: Optional Features224030
Node: Reporting Bugs228913
Node: Builtin Index229993
Node: Reserved Word Index233406
Node: Variable Index234714
Node: Function Index239899
Node: Concept Index244257

End Tag Table