Imported from ../bash-2.0.tar.gz.

examples/loadables/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#
+# Simple makefile for the sample loadable builtins
+#
+CC = cc
+
+# SunOS 4
+PICFLAG = -pic
+# Some versions of gcc, esp. on NetBSD and FreeBSD
+#PICFLAG = -fpic
+# Linux -- could also be -fpic
+#PICFLAG = -fPIC
+# SunOS 5
+#PICFLAG = -K pic
+# SVR4, SVR4.2, Irix
+#PICFLAG = -K PIC
+# BSD/OS 2.1
+#PICFLAG =
+# AIX 4.2
+#PICFLAG = -K
+
+# SunOS 4, BSD/OS 2.1, SVR4.2, SVR4, Linux, AIX 4.2, etc.
+LD = ld
+# SunOS 5, Linux
+#LD = cc
+
+# SunOS 4
+LDOPT = -assert pure-text
+# OSF/1, Digital UNIX
+#LDOPT = -shared -soname $@ -expect_unresolved '*'
+# SunOS 5
+#LDOPT = -dy -z text -G -i -h $@
+# SVR4, SVR4.2
+#LDOPT = -dy -z text -G -h $@
+# NetBSD, FreeBSD -- might also need -r
+#LDOPT = -x -Bshareable
+# Linux
+#LDOPT = -shared
+# BSD/OS 2.1
+#LDOPT = -r
+# AIX 4.2
+#LDOPT = -bdynamic -bnoentry -bexpall -G
+
+# other libraries to link the shared object against
+# BSD/OS 2.1
+#LDLIBS = -lc_s.2.1.0
+
+srcdir = ../..
+INC= -I$(srcdir) -I$(srcdir)/builtins -I$(srcdir)/lib
+
+.c.o:
+	$(CC) $(PICFLAG) $(CFLAGS) $(INC) -c -o $@ $<
+
+all:	printf print truefalse sleep pushd finfo logname basename dirname \
+	tty pathchk tee head rmdir sprintf
+others:	necho getconf hello cat
+
+printf:	printf.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ printf.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+sprintf: sprintf.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ sprintf.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+print:	print.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ print.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+necho:	necho.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ necho.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+getconf: getconf.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ getconf.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+hello:	hello.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ hello.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+truefalse: truefalse.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ truefalse.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+sleep:	sleep.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ sleep.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+pushd:	pushd.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ pushd.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+finfo:	finfo.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ finfo.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+cat:	cat.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ cat.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+logname:	logname.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ logname.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+basename:	basename.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ basename.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+dirname:	dirname.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ dirname.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+tty:	tty.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ tty.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+pathchk:	pathchk.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ pathchk.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+tee:	tee.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ tee.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+rmdir:	rmdir.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ rmdir.o $(LDLIBS)
+
+head:	head.o
+	$(LD) $(LDOPT) -o $@ head.o $(LDLIBS)

examples/loadables/README

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Some examples of ready-to-dynamic-load builtins.  Most of the
+examples given are reimplementations of standard commands whose
+execution time is dominated by process startup time.  The
+exceptions are sleep, which allows you to sleep for fractions
+of a second, finfo, which provides access to the rest of the
+elements of the `stat' structure that `test' doesn't let you
+see, and pushd/popd/dirs, which allows you to compile them out
+of the shell.
+
+All of the new builtins in ksh93 that bash didn't already have
+are included here, as is the ksh `print' builtin.
+
+Compile with cc and whatever pic options you need (look in the
+Makefile for a few common settings)
+
+load with ld and whatever shared object options you need (again,
+look in the Makefile)
+
+then enable -f filename builtin-name
+
+enable uses a simple reference-counting scheme to avoid unloading a
+shared object that implements more than one loadable builtin before
+all loadable builtins implemented in the object are removed.
+
+Many of the details needed by builtin writers are found in hello.c,
+the canonical example.  There is no real `builtin writers' programming
+guide'.

examples/loadables/basename.c

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/* basename - return nondirectory portion of pathname */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+basename_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int slen, sufflen, off;
+  char *string, *suffix, *fn;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (no_options (list))
+    return (EX_USAGE);
+
+  string = list->word->word;
+  suffix = (char *)NULL;
+  if (list->next)
+    {
+      list = list->next;
+      suffix = list->word->word;
+    }
+
+  if (list->next)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  slen = strlen (string);
+
+  /* Strip trailing slashes */
+  while (slen > 0 && string[slen - 1] == '/')
+    slen--;
+
+  /* (2) If string consists entirely of slash characters, string shall be
+	 set to a single slash character.  In this case, skip steps (3)
+	 through (5). */
+  if (slen == 0)
+    {
+      fputs ("/\n", stdout);
+      return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+  /* (3) If there are any trailing slash characters in string, they
+	 shall be removed. */
+  string[slen] = '\0';
+
+  /* (4) If there are any slash characters remaining in string, the prefix
+	 of string up to an including the last slash character in string
+	 shall be removed. */
+  while (--slen >= 0)
+    if (string[slen] == '/')
+      break;
+
+  fn = string + slen + 1;
+
+  /* (5) If the suffix operand is present, is not identical to the
+	 characters remaining in string, and is identical to a suffix
+	 of the characters remaining in string, the suffix suffix
+	 shall be removed from string.  Otherwise, string shall not be
+	 modified by this step. */
+  if (suffix)
+    {
+      sufflen = strlen (suffix);
+      slen = strlen (fn);
+      if (sufflen < slen)
+        {
+          off = slen - sufflen;
+          if (strcmp (fn + off, suffix) == 0)
+            fn[off] = '\0';
+        }
+    }
+  printf ("%s\n", fn);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *basename_doc[] = {
+	"The STRING is converted to a filename corresponding to the last",
+	"pathname component in STRING.  If the suffix string SUFFIX is",
+	"supplied, it is removed.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin basename_struct = {
+	"basename",		/* builtin name */
+	basename_builtin,	/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	basename_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"basename string [suffix]",	/* usage synopsis */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};

examples/loadables/cat.c

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * cat replacement
+ *
+ * no options - the way cat was intended
+ */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+extern char *strerror ();
+extern char **make_builtin_argv ();
+
+static int
+fcopy(fd)
+int	fd;
+{
+	char	buf[1024], *s;
+	int	n, w, e;
+
+	while (n = read(fd, buf, sizeof (buf))) {
+		w = write(1, buf, n);
+		if (w != n) {
+			e = errno;
+			write(2, "cat: write error: ", 18);
+			s = strerror(e);
+			write(2, s, strlen(s));
+			write(2, "\n", 1);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+cat_main (argc, argv)
+int	argc;
+char	**argv;
+{
+	int	i, fd, r;
+	char	*s;
+
+	if (argc == 1)
+		return (fcopy(0));
+
+	for (i = r = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '\0')
+			fd = 0;
+		else {
+			fd = open(argv[i], O_RDONLY, 0666);
+			if (fd < 0) {
+				s = strerror(errno);
+				write(2, "cat: cannot open ", 17);
+				write(2, argv[i], strlen(argv[i]));
+				write(2, ": ", 2);
+				write(2, s, strlen(s));
+				write(2, "\n", 1);
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		r = fcopy(fd);
+		if (fd != 0)
+			close(fd);
+	}
+	return (r);
+}
+
+cat_builtin(list)
+WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+	char	**v;
+	int	c, r;
+
+	v = make_builtin_argv(list, &c);
+	r = cat_main(c, v);
+	free(v);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+char *cat_doc[] = {
+	"Read each FILE and display it on the standard output.   If any",
+	"FILE is `-' or if no FILE argument is given, the standard input",
+	"is read.",
+	(char *)0
+};
+
+struct builtin cat_struct = {
+	"cat",
+	cat_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	cat_doc,
+	"cat [-] [file ...]",
+	0
+};

examples/loadables/dirname.c

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/* dirname - return directory portion of pathname */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+dirname_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int slen;
+  char *string;
+
+  if (list == 0 || list->next)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  if (no_options (list))
+    return (EX_USAGE);
+
+  string = list->word->word;
+  slen = strlen (string);
+
+  /* Strip trailing slashes */
+  while (slen > 0 && string[slen - 1] == '/')
+    slen--;
+
+  /* (2) If string consists entirely of slash characters, string shall be
+	 set to a single slash character.  In this case, skip steps (3)
+	 through (8). */
+  if (slen == 0)
+    {
+      fputs ("/\n", stdout);
+      return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+  /* (3) If there are any trailing slash characters in string, they
+	 shall be removed. */
+  string[slen] = '\0';
+
+  /* (4) If there are no slash characters remaining in string, string
+	 shall be set to a single period character.  In this case, skip
+	 steps (5) through (8).
+
+     (5) If there are any trailing nonslash characters in string,
+	 they shall be removed. */
+
+  while (--slen >= 0)
+    if (string[slen] == '/')
+      break;
+
+  if (slen >= 0)
+    {
+      fputs (".\n", stdout);
+      return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+  /* (7) If there are any trailing slash characters in string, they
+	 shall be removed. */
+  while (--slen >= 0)
+    if (string[slen] != '/')
+      break;
+  string[++slen] = '\0';
+
+  /* (8) If the remaining string is empty, string shall be set to a single
+	 slash character. */
+  printf ("%s\n", (slen == 0) ? "/" : string);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *dirname_doc[] = {
+	"The STRING is converted to the name of the directory containing",	
+	"the filename corresponding to the last pathname component in STRING.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin dirname_struct = {
+	"dirname",		/* builtin name */
+	dirname_builtin,	/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	dirname_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"dirname string",	/* usage synopsis */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};

examples/loadables/finfo.c

@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+/*
+ * finfo - print file info
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int	errno;
+#endif
+
+extern char	*strrchr();
+extern char	**make_builtin_argv ();
+
+static int	printst();
+static int	printsome();
+static int	printfinfo();
+static int	finfo_main();
+
+extern int	sh_optind;
+extern char	*sh_optarg;
+extern char	*this_command_name;
+
+static char	*prog;
+static int	pmask;
+
+#define OPT_UID		0x00001
+#define OPT_GID		0x00002
+#define OPT_DEV		0x00004
+#define OPT_INO		0x00008
+#define OPT_PERM	0x00010
+#define OPT_LNKNAM	0x00020
+#define OPT_FID		0x00040
+#define OPT_NLINK	0x00080
+#define OPT_RDEV	0x00100
+#define OPT_SIZE	0x00200
+#define OPT_ATIME	0x00400
+#define OPT_MTIME	0x00800
+#define OPT_CTIME	0x01000
+#define OPT_BLKSIZE	0x02000
+#define OPT_BLKS	0x04000
+#define OPT_FTYPE	0x08000
+#define OPT_PMASK	0x10000
+#define OPT_OPERM	0x20000
+
+#define OPT_ASCII	0x1000000
+
+#define OPTIONS		"acdgiflmnopsuACGMP:U"
+
+static int
+octal(s)
+char	*s;
+{
+	int	r;
+
+	r = *s - '0';
+	while (*++s >= '0' && *s <= '7')
+		r = (r * 8) + (*s - '0');
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int
+finfo_main(argc, argv)
+int	argc;
+char	**argv;
+{
+	register int	i;
+	int	mode, flags, opt;
+
+	sh_optind = 0;	/* XXX */
+	prog = base_pathname(argv[0]);
+	if (argc == 1) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return(1);
+	}
+	flags = 0;
+	while ((opt = sh_getopt(argc, argv, OPTIONS)) != EOF) {
+		switch(opt) {
+		case 'a': flags |= OPT_ATIME; break;
+		case 'A': flags |= OPT_ATIME|OPT_ASCII; break;
+		case 'c': flags |= OPT_CTIME; break;
+		case 'C': flags |= OPT_CTIME|OPT_ASCII; break;
+		case 'd': flags |= OPT_DEV; break;
+		case 'i': flags |= OPT_INO; break;
+		case 'f': flags |= OPT_FID; break;
+		case 'g': flags |= OPT_GID; break;
+		case 'G': flags |= OPT_GID|OPT_ASCII; break;
+		case 'l': flags |= OPT_LNKNAM; break;
+		case 'm': flags |= OPT_MTIME; break;
+		case 'M': flags |= OPT_MTIME|OPT_ASCII; break;
+		case 'n': flags |= OPT_NLINK; break;
+		case 'o': flags |= OPT_OPERM; break;
+		case 'p': flags |= OPT_PERM; break;
+		case 'P': flags |= OPT_PMASK; pmask = octal(sh_optarg); break;
+		case 's': flags |= OPT_SIZE; break;
+		case 'u': flags |= OPT_UID; break;
+		case 'U': flags |= OPT_UID|OPT_ASCII; break;
+		default: builtin_usage (); return(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	argc -= sh_optind;
+	argv += sh_optind;
+
+	if (argc == 0) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return(1);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		opt = flags ? printsome (argv[i], flags) : printfinfo(argv[i]);
+
+	return(opt);
+}
+
+static struct stat *
+getstat(f)
+char	*f;
+{
+	static struct stat st;
+	int	fd, r;
+	long	lfd;
+
+	if (strncmp(f, "/dev/fd/", 8) == 0) {
+		if (legal_number(f + 8, &lfd) == 0) {
+			builtin_error("%s: invalid fd", f + 8);
+			return ((struct stat *)0);
+		}
+		fd = lfd;
+		r = fstat(fd, &st);
+	} else
+		r = stat(f, &st);
+	if (r < 0) {
+		builtin_error("%s: cannot stat: %s", f, strerror(errno));
+		return ((struct stat *)0);
+	}
+	return (&st);
+}
+
+static int
+printfinfo(f)
+char	*f;
+{
+	struct stat *st;
+
+	st = getstat(f);
+	return (st ? printst(st) : 1);
+}
+
+static int
+getperm(m)
+int	m;
+{
+	return (m & (S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO|S_ISUID|S_ISGID));
+}
+
+static int
+perms(m)
+int	m;
+{
+	char ubits[4], gbits[4], obits[4];	/* u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx */
+	int i;
+
+	i = 0;
+	if (m & S_IRUSR)
+		ubits[i++] = 'r';
+	if (m & S_IWUSR)
+		ubits[i++] = 'w';
+	if (m & S_IXUSR)
+		ubits[i++] = 'x';
+	ubits[i] = '\0';
+
+	i = 0;
+	if (m & S_IRGRP)
+		gbits[i++] = 'r';
+	if (m & S_IWGRP)
+		gbits[i++] = 'w';
+	if (m & S_IXGRP)
+		gbits[i++] = 'x';
+	gbits[i] = '\0';
+
+	i = 0;
+	if (m & S_IROTH)
+		obits[i++] = 'r';
+	if (m & S_IWOTH)
+		obits[i++] = 'w';
+	if (m & S_IXOTH)
+		obits[i++] = 'x';
+	obits[i] = '\0';
+
+	printf ("u=%s,g=%s,o=%s", ubits, gbits, obits);
+}
+
+static int
+printmode(mode)
+int	mode;
+{
+	if (S_ISBLK(mode))
+		printf("S_IFBLK ");
+	if (S_ISCHR(mode))
+		printf("S_IFCHR ");
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
+		printf("S_IFDIR ");
+	if (S_ISREG(mode))
+		printf("S_IFREG ");
+	if (S_ISFIFO(mode))
+		printf("S_IFIFO ");
+	if (S_ISLNK(mode))
+		printf("S_IFLNK ");
+	if (S_ISSOCK(mode))
+		printf("S_IFSOCK ");
+	perms(getperm(mode));
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static int	
+printst(st)
+struct stat *st;
+{
+	struct passwd	*pw;
+	struct group	*gr;
+	char	*owner;
+
+	printf("Device (major/minor): %d (%d/%d)\n", (int) (st->st_dev & 0xFF),
+						     (int) major (st->st_dev),
+						     (int) minor (st->st_dev));
+	printf("Inode: %d\n", (int) st->st_ino);
+	printf("Mode: (%o) ", (int) st->st_mode);
+	printmode((int) st->st_mode);
+	printf("Link count: %d\n", (int) st->st_nlink);
+	pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid);
+	owner = pw ? pw->pw_name : "unknown";
+	printf("Uid of owner: %d (%s)\n", (int) st->st_uid, owner);
+	gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid);
+	owner = gr ? gr->gr_name : "unknown";
+	printf("Gid of owner: %d (%s)\n", (int) st->st_gid, owner);
+	printf("Device type: %d\n", (int) st->st_rdev);
+	printf("File size: %ld\n", (long) st->st_size);
+	printf("File last access time: %s", ctime (&st->st_atime));
+	printf("File last modify time: %s", ctime (&st->st_mtime));
+	printf("File last status change time: %s", ctime (&st->st_ctime));
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return(0);
+}
+
+static int
+printsome(f, flags)
+char	*f;
+int	flags;
+{
+	struct stat *st;
+	struct passwd *pw;
+	struct group *gr;
+	int	p;
+	char	*b;
+
+	st = getstat(f);
+	if (st == NULL)
+		return (1);
+
+	/* Print requested info */
+	if (flags & OPT_ATIME) {
+		if (flags & OPT_ASCII)
+			printf("%s", ctime(&st->st_atime));
+		else
+			printf("%ld\n", st->st_atime);
+	} else if (flags & OPT_MTIME) {
+		if (flags & OPT_ASCII)
+			printf("%s", ctime(&st->st_mtime));
+		else
+			printf("%ld\n", st->st_mtime);
+	} else if (flags & OPT_CTIME) {
+		if (flags & OPT_ASCII)
+			printf("%s", ctime(&st->st_ctime));
+		else
+			printf("%ld\n", st->st_ctime);
+	} else if (flags & OPT_DEV)
+		printf("%d\n", st->st_dev);
+	else if (flags & OPT_INO)
+		printf("%d\n", st->st_ino);
+	else if (flags & OPT_FID)
+		printf("%d:%ld\n", st->st_dev, st->st_ino);
+	else if (flags & OPT_NLINK)
+		printf("%d\n", st->st_nlink);
+	else if (flags & OPT_LNKNAM) {
+#ifdef S_ISLNK
+		b = xmalloc(4096);
+		p = readlink(f, b, 4096);
+		if (p >= 0 && p < 4096)
+			b[p] = '\0';
+		else {
+			p = errno;
+			strcpy(b, prog);
+			strcat(b, ": ");
+			strcat(b, strerror(p));
+		}
+		printf("%s\n", b);
+		free(b);
+#else
+		printf("%s\n", f);
+#endif
+	} else if (flags & OPT_PERM) {
+		perms(st->st_mode);
+		printf("\n");
+	} else if (flags & OPT_OPERM)
+		printf("%o\n", getperm(st->st_mode));
+	else if (flags & OPT_PMASK)
+		printf("%o\n", getperm(st->st_mode) & pmask);
+	else if (flags & OPT_UID) {
+		pw = getpwuid(st->st_uid);
+		if (flags & OPT_ASCII)
+			printf("%s\n", pw ? pw->pw_name : "unknown");
+		else
+			printf("%d\n", st->st_uid);
+	} else if (flags & OPT_GID) {
+		gr = getgrgid(st->st_gid);
+		if (flags & OPT_ASCII)
+			printf("%s\n", gr ? gr->gr_name : "unknown");
+		else
+			printf("%d\n", st->st_gid);
+	} else if (flags & OPT_SIZE)
+		printf("%ld\n", st->st_size);
+
+	return (0);
+}
+
+#ifndef NOBUILTIN
+finfo_builtin(list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int c, r;
+  char **v;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+
+  v = make_builtin_argv (list, &c);
+  r = finfo_main (c, v);
+  free (v);
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+static char *finfo_doc[] = {
+  "Display information about each FILE.  Only single operators should",
+  "be supplied.  If no options are supplied, a summary of the info",
+  "available about each FILE is printed.  If FILE is of the form",
+  "/dev/fd/XX, file descriptor XX is described.  Operators, if supplied,",
+  "have the following meanings:",
+  "",
+  "	-a	last file access time",
+  "	-A	last file access time in ctime format",
+  "	-c	last file status change time",
+  "	-C	last file status change time in ctime format",
+  "	-m	last file modification time",
+  "	-M	last file modification time in ctime format",
+  "	-d	device",
+  "	-i	inode",
+  "	-f	composite file identifier (device:inode)",
+  "	-g	gid of owner",
+  "	-G	group name of owner",
+  "	-l	name of file pointed to by symlink",
+  "	-n	link count",
+  "	-o	permissions in octal",
+  "	-p	permissions in ascii",
+  "	-P mask permissions ANDed with MASK (like with umask)",
+  "	-s	file size in bytes",
+  "	-u	uid of owner",
+  "	-U	user name of owner",
+  (char *)0
+};
+
+struct builtin finfo_struct = {
+	"finfo",
+	finfo_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	finfo_doc,
+	"finfo [-acdgiflmnopsuACGMPU] file [file...]",
+	0
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NOBUILTIN
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+#  include <stdarg.h>
+#else
+#  if defined (PREFER_VARARGS)
+#    include <varargs.h>
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+char *this_command_name;
+
+main(argc, argv)
+int	argc;
+char	**argv;
+{
+	this_command_name = argv[0];
+	exit(finfo_main(argc, argv));
+}
+
+void
+builtin_usage()
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: usage: %s [-%s] [file ...]\n", prog, OPTIONS);
+}
+
+#ifndef HAVE_STRERROR
+char *
+strerror(e)
+int	e;
+{
+	static char	ebuf[40];
+	extern int	sys_nerr;
+	extern char	*sys_errlist[];
+
+	if (e < 0 || e > sys_nerr) {
+		sprintf(ebuf,"Unknown error code %d", e);
+		return (&ebuf[0]);
+	}
+	return (sys_errlist[e]);
+}
+#endif
+
+char *
+xmalloc(s)
+size_t	s;
+{
+	char	*ret;
+	extern char *malloc();
+
+	ret = malloc(s);
+	if (ret)
+		return (ret);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot malloc %d bytes\n", prog, s);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+char *
+base_pathname(p)
+char	*p;
+{
+	char	*t;
+
+	if (t = strrchr(p, '/'))
+		return(++t);
+	return(p);
+}
+
+int
+legal_number (string, result)
+     char *string;
+     long *result;
+{
+  int sign;
+  long value;
+
+  sign = 1;
+  value = 0;
+
+  if (result)
+    *result = 0;
+
+  /* Skip leading whitespace characters. */
+  while (whitespace (*string))
+    string++;
+
+  if (!*string)
+    return (0);
+
+  /* We allow leading `-' or `+'. */
+  if (*string == '-' || *string == '+')
+    {
+      if (!digit (string[1]))
+        return (0);
+
+      if (*string == '-')
+        sign = -1;
+
+      string++;
+    }
+
+  while (digit (*string))
+    {
+      if (result)
+        value = (value * 10) + digit_value (*string);
+      string++;
+    }
+
+  /* Skip trailing whitespace, if any. */
+  while (whitespace (*string))
+    string++;
+
+  /* Error if not at end of string. */
+  if (*string)
+    return (0);
+
+  if (result)
+    *result = value * sign;
+
+  return (1);
+}
+
+int sh_optind;
+char *sh_optarg;
+int sh_opterr;
+
+extern int optind;
+extern char *optarg;
+
+int
+sh_getopt(c, v, o)
+int	c;
+char	**v, *o;
+{
+	int	r;
+
+	r = getopt(c, v, o);
+	sh_optind = optind;
+	sh_optarg = optarg;
+	return r;
+}
+
+#if defined (USE_VARARGS)
+void
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+builtin_error (const char *format, ...)
+#else
+builtin_error (format, va_alist)
+     const char *format;
+     va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+  va_list args;
+
+  if (this_command_name && *this_command_name)
+    fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", this_command_name);
+
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+  va_start (args, format);
+#else
+  va_start (args);
+#endif
+
+  vfprintf (stderr, format, args);
+  va_end (args);
+  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+}
+#else
+void
+builtin_error (format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5)
+     char *format, *arg1, *arg2, *arg3, *arg4, *arg5;
+{
+  if (this_command_name && *this_command_name)
+    fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", this_command_name);
+
+  fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+  fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+  fflush (stderr);
+}
+#endif /* !USE_VARARGS */
+
+#endif

examples/loadables/getconf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1994 Winning Strategies, Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by Winning Strategies, Inc.
+ * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * POSIX.2 getconf utility
+ *
+ * Written by:
+ *	J.T. Conklin (jtc@wimsey.com), Winning Strategies, Inc.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char rcsid[] = "$Id: getconf.c,v 1.2 1994/05/10 00:04:12 jtc Exp $";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "stdc.h"
+
+
+struct conf_variable
+{
+  const char *name;
+  enum { SYSCONF, CONFSTR, PATHCONF, CONSTANT } type;
+  long value;
+};
+
+/* BSD/OS does not define this; use Posix.2 recommended minimum value. */
+#ifndef _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX
+#define _POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX 2
+#endif
+
+static const struct conf_variable conf_table[] =
+{
+  { "PATH",			CONFSTR,	_CS_PATH		},
+
+  /* Utility Limit Minimum Values */
+  { "POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_BASE_MAX	},
+  { "POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_DIM_MAX	},
+  { "POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_SCALE_MAX	},
+  { "POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_BC_STRING_MAX	},
+  { "POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX },
+  { "POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_EXPR_NEST_MAX	},
+  { "POSIX2_LINE_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_LINE_MAX	},
+  { "POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_RE_DUP_MAX	},
+  { "POSIX2_VERSION",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX2_VERSION		},
+
+  /* POSIX.1 Minimum Values */
+  { "_POSIX_ARG_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_ARG_MAX		},
+  { "_POSIX_CHILD_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_CHILD_MAX	},
+  { "_POSIX_LINK_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_LINK_MAX		},
+  { "_POSIX_MAX_CANON",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_MAX_CANON	},
+  { "_POSIX_MAX_INPUT",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_MAX_INPUT	},
+  { "_POSIX_NAME_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_NAME_MAX		},
+  { "_POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX	},
+  { "_POSIX_OPEN_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_OPEN_MAX		},
+  { "_POSIX_PATH_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_PIPE_BUF		},
+  { "_POSIX_PIPE_BUF",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_PIPE_BUF		},
+  { "_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX",		CONSTANT,	_POSIX_SSIZE_MAX	},
+  { "_POSIX_STREAM_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_STREAM_MAX	},
+  { "_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX",	CONSTANT,	_POSIX_TZNAME_MAX	},
+
+  /* Symbolic Utility Limits */
+  { "BC_BASE_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_BC_BASE_MAX		},
+  { "BC_DIM_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_BC_DIM_MAX		},
+  { "BC_SCALE_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_BC_SCALE_MAX	},
+  { "BC_STRING_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_BC_STRING_MAX	},
+  { "COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX	},
+  { "EXPR_NEST_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX	},
+  { "LINE_MAX",			SYSCONF,	_SC_LINE_MAX		},
+  { "RE_DUP_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_RE_DUP_MAX		},
+
+  /* Optional Facility Configuration Values */
+  { "POSIX2_C_BIND",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_C_BIND		},
+  { "POSIX2_C_DEV",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_C_DEV		},
+  { "POSIX2_CHAR_TERM",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_CHAR_TERM		},
+  { "POSIX2_FORT_DEV",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_FORT_DEV		},
+  { "POSIX2_FORT_RUN",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_FORT_RUN		},
+  { "POSIX2_LOCALEDEF",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_LOCALEDEF		},
+  { "POSIX2_SW_DEV",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_SW_DEV		},
+  { "POSIX2_UPE",		SYSCONF,	_SC_2_UPE		},
+
+  /* POSIX.1 Configurable System Variables */
+  { "ARG_MAX",			SYSCONF,	_SC_ARG_MAX 		},
+  { "CHILD_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_CHILD_MAX		},
+  { "CLK_TCK",			SYSCONF,	_SC_CLK_TCK		},
+  { "NGROUPS_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_NGROUPS_MAX		},
+  { "OPEN_MAX",			SYSCONF,	_SC_OPEN_MAX		},
+  { "STREAM_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_STREAM_MAX		},
+  { "TZNAME_MAX",		SYSCONF,	_SC_TZNAME_MAX		},
+  { "_POSIX_JOB_CONTROL",	SYSCONF,	_SC_JOB_CONTROL 	},
+  { "_POSIX_SAVED_IDS",		SYSCONF,	_SC_SAVED_IDS		},
+  { "_POSIX_VERSION",		SYSCONF,	_SC_VERSION		},
+
+  { "LINK_MAX",			PATHCONF,	_PC_LINK_MAX		},
+  { "MAX_CANON",		PATHCONF,	_PC_MAX_CANON		},
+  { "MAX_INPUT",		PATHCONF,	_PC_MAX_INPUT		},
+  { "NAME_MAX",			PATHCONF,	_PC_NAME_MAX		},
+  { "PATH_MAX",			PATHCONF,	_PC_PATH_MAX		},
+  { "PIPE_BUF",			PATHCONF,	_PC_PIPE_BUF		},
+  { "_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED",	PATHCONF,	_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED	},
+  { "_POSIX_NO_TRUNC",		PATHCONF,	_PC_NO_TRUNC		},
+  { "_POSIX_VDISABLE",		PATHCONF,	_PC_VDISABLE		},
+
+  { NULL }
+};
+
+extern char *this_command_name;
+extern char *xmalloc ();
+extern char **make_builtin_argv ();
+static int getconf_main ();
+
+int
+getconf_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int c, r;
+  char **v;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+
+  v = make_builtin_argv (list, &c);
+  r = getconf_main (c, v);
+  free (v);
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+static int
+getconf_main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char **argv;
+{
+	int ch;
+	const struct conf_variable *cp;
+
+	long val;
+	size_t slen;
+	char *sval;
+
+	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "")) != -1) {
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			builtin_usage();
+			return(EX_USAGE);
+			/* NOTREACHED */
+		}
+	}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+
+	if (argc < 1 || argc > 2) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return(EX_USAGE);
+		/* NOTREACHED */
+	}
+
+	for (cp = conf_table; cp->name != NULL; cp++) {
+		if (strcmp(*argv, cp->name) == 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (cp->name == NULL) {
+		builtin_error ("%s: unknown variable", *argv);
+		return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	if (cp->type == PATHCONF) {
+		if (argc != 2) {
+			builtin_usage();
+			return(EX_USAGE);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (argc != 1) {
+			builtin_usage();
+			return(EX_USAGE);
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch (cp->type) {
+	case CONSTANT:
+		printf("%ld\n", cp->value);
+		break;
+
+	case CONFSTR:
+		slen = confstr (cp->value, (char *) 0, (size_t) 0);
+
+		sval = xmalloc(slen);
+
+		confstr(cp->value, sval, slen);
+		printf("%s\n", sval);
+		break;
+
+	case SYSCONF:
+		errno = 0;
+		if ((val = sysconf(cp->value)) == -1) {
+			if (errno != 0) {
+				builtin_error ("%s", strerror (errno));
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			}
+
+			printf ("undefined\n");
+		} else {
+			printf("%ld\n", val);
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case PATHCONF:
+		errno = 0;
+		if ((val = pathconf(argv[1], cp->value)) == -1) {
+			if (errno != 0) {
+				builtin_error ("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror (errno));
+				return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+			}
+
+			printf ("undefined\n");
+		} else {
+			printf ("%ld\n", val);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return (ferror(stdout) ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static char *getconf_doc[] = {
+	"getconf writes the current value of a configurable system limit or",
+	"option variable to the standard output.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin getconf_struct = {
+	"getconf",
+	getconf_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	getconf_doc,
+	"getconf sysvar or getconf pathvar pathname",
+	0
+};

examples/loadables/head.c

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/* head - copy first part of files. */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include "filecntl.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+static void
+munge_list (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *l, *nl;
+  WORD_DESC *wd;
+  char *arg;
+
+  for (l = list; l; l = l->next)
+    {
+      arg = l->word->word;
+      if (arg[0] != '-' || arg[1] == '-' || (isdigit(arg[1]) == 0))
+        return;
+      /* We have -[0-9]* */
+      wd = make_bare_word (arg+1);
+      nl = make_word_list (wd, l->next);
+      l->word->word[1] = 'n';
+      l->word->word[2] = '\0';
+      l->next = nl;
+      l = nl;	/* skip over new argument */
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+file_head (fp, cnt)
+     FILE *fp;
+     int cnt;
+{
+  int ch;
+
+  while (cnt--)
+    {
+      while ((ch = getc (fp)) != EOF)
+	{
+	  if (putchar (ch) == EOF)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error ("write error: %s", strerror (errno));
+	      return EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	    }
+	  if (ch == '\n')
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+head_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int nline, opt, rval;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+  FILE *fp;
+
+  char *t;
+
+  munge_list (list);	/* change -num into -n num */
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  nline = 10;
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "n:")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 'n':
+	  nline = atoi (list_optarg);
+	  if (nline <= 0)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error ("bad line count: %s", list_optarg);
+	      return (EX_USAGE);
+	    }
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    return (file_head (stdin, nline));
+
+  for (rval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS, opt = 1, l = list; l; l = l->next)
+    {
+      fp = fopen (l->word->word, "r");
+      if (fp == NULL)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("%s: %s", l->word->word, strerror (errno));
+	  continue;
+	}
+      if (list->next)	/* more than one file */
+	{
+	  printf ("%s==> %s <==\n", opt ? "" : "\n", l->word->word);
+	  opt = 0;
+	}
+      rval = file_head (fp, nline);
+      fclose (fp);
+    }
+   
+  return (rval);
+}
+
+char *head_doc[] = {
+	"Copy the first N lines from the input files to the standard output.",
+	"N is supplied as an argument to the `-n' option.  If N is not given,",
+	"the first ten lines are copied.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin head_struct = {
+	"head",			/* builtin name */
+	head_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	head_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"head [-n num] [file ...]", /* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};

examples/loadables/hello.c

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* Sample builtin to be dynamically loaded with enable -f and create a new
+   builtin. */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+/* A builtin `xxx' is normally implemented with an `xxx_builtin' function.
+   If you're converting a command that uses the normal Unix argc/argv
+   calling convention, use argv = word_list_to_argv (list, &argc) and call
+   the original `main' something like `xxx_main'.  Look at cat.c for an
+   example.
+
+   Builtins should use internal_getopt to parse options.  It is the same as
+   getopt(3), but it takes a WORD_LIST *.  Look at print.c for an example
+   of its use.
+
+   If the builtin takes no options, call no_options(list) before doing
+   anything else.  If it returns a non-zero value, your builtin should
+   immediately return EX_USAGE.  Look at logname.c for an example.
+
+   A builtin command returns EXECUTION_SUCCESS for success and
+   EXECUTION_FAILURE to indicate failure. */
+hello_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  printf("hello world\n");
+  fflush (stdout);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+/* An array of strings forming the `long' documentation for a builtin xxx,
+   which is printed by `help xxx'.  It must end with a NULL. */
+char *hello_doc[] = {
+	"this is the long doc for the sample hello builtin",
+	"which is a bare-bones echo",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures.  The flags must include BUILTIN_ENABLED so the
+   builtin can be used. */
+struct builtin hello_struct = {
+	"hello",		/* builtin name */
+	hello_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	hello_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"hello [args]",		/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
+	

examples/loadables/logname.c

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/* logname - print login name of current user */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+logname_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  char *np;
+
+  if (no_options (list))
+    return (EX_USAGE);
+
+  np = getlogin ();
+  if (np == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("cannot find username: %s", strerror (errno));
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+  printf ("%s\n", np);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *logname_doc[] = {
+	"write the current user's login name to the standard output",
+	"and exit.  logname ignores the LOGNAME and USER variables.",
+	"logname ignores any non-option arguments.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+	
+struct builtin logname_struct = {
+	"logname",
+	logname_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	logname_doc,
+	"logname",
+	0
+};
+	

examples/loadables/necho.c

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* necho - echo without options or argument interpretation */
+
+/* Sample builtin to be dynamically loaded with enable -f and replace an
+   existing builtin. */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+necho_builtin (list)
+WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+	print_word_list (list, " ");
+	printf("\n");
+	fflush (stdout);
+	return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *necho_doc[] = {
+	"Print the arguments to the standard ouput separated",
+	"by space characters and terminated with a newline.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+	
+struct builtin echo_struct = {
+	"echo",
+	necho_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	necho_doc,
+	"echo [args]",
+	0
+};
+	

examples/loadables/pathchk.c

@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+/* pathchk - check pathnames for validity and portability */
+
+/* Usage: pathchk [-p] path ...
+
+   For each PATH, print a message if any of these conditions are false:
+   * all existing leading directories in PATH have search (execute) permission
+   * strlen (PATH) <= PATH_MAX
+   * strlen (each_directory_in_PATH) <= NAME_MAX
+
+   Exit status:
+   0			All PATH names passed all of the tests.
+   1			An error occurred.
+
+   Options:
+   -p			Instead of performing length checks on the
+			underlying filesystem, test the length of the
+			pathname and its components against the POSIX.1
+			minimum limits for portability, _POSIX_NAME_MAX
+			and _POSIX_PATH_MAX in 2.9.2.  Also check that
+			the pathname contains no character not in the
+			portable filename character set. */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include "posixstat.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HAVE_LIMITS_H)
+#  include <limits.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "stdc.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+#include "maxpath.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (_POSIX_PATH_MAX)
+#  define _POSIX_PATH_MAX 255
+#endif
+#if !defined (_POSIX_NAME_MAX)
+#  define _POSIX_NAME_MAX 14
+#endif
+
+/* How do we get PATH_MAX? */
+#if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined (PATH_MAX)
+#  define PATH_MAX_FOR(p) pathconf ((p), _PC_PATH_MAX)
+#endif
+
+/* How do we get NAME_MAX? */
+#if defined (_POSIX_VERSION) && !defined (NAME_MAX)
+#  define NAME_MAX_FOR(p) pathconf ((p), _PC_NAME_MAX)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (PATH_MAX_FOR)
+#  define PATH_MAX_FOR(p)	PATH_MAX
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (NAME_MAX_FOR)
+#  define NAME_MAX_FOR(p)	NAME_MAX
+#endif
+
+extern char *strerror ();
+
+static int validate_path ();
+
+pathchk_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int retval, pflag, opt;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "p")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 'p':
+	  pflag = 1;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EX_USAGE);
+    }
+
+  for (retval = 0; list; list = list->next)
+    retval |= validate_path (list->word->word, pflag);
+
+  return (retval ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+char *pathchk_doc[] = {
+	"Check each pathname argument for validity (i.e., it may be used to",
+	"create or access a file without casuing syntax errors) and portability",
+	"(i.e., no filename truncation will result).  If the `-p' option is",
+	"supplied, more extensive portability checks are performed.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin pathchk_struct = {
+	"pathchk",		/* builtin name */
+	pathchk_builtin,	/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	pathchk_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"pathchk [-p] pathname ...",	/* usage synopsis */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};
+
+/* The remainder of this file is stolen shamelessly from `pathchk.c' in
+   the sh-utils-1.12 distribution, by 
+
+   David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+   and Jim Meyering <meyering@cs.utexas.edu> */
+
+/* Each element is nonzero if the corresponding ASCII character is
+   in the POSIX portable character set, and zero if it is not.
+   In addition, the entry for `/' is nonzero to simplify checking. */
+static char const portable_chars[256] =
+{
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 0-15 */
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 16-31 */
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, /* 32-47 */
+  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 48-63 */
+  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* 64-79 */
+  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, /* 80-95 */
+  0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, /* 96-111 */
+  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* 112-127 */
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+};
+
+/* If PATH contains only portable characters, return 1, else 0.  */
+
+static int
+portable_chars_only (path)
+     const char *path;
+{
+  const char *p;
+
+  for (p = path; *p; ++p)
+    if (portable_chars[(const unsigned char) *p] == 0)
+      {
+	error (0, 0, "path `%s' contains nonportable character `%c'",
+	       path, *p);
+	return 0;
+      }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* On some systems, stat can return EINTR.  */
+
+#ifndef EINTR
+# define SAFE_STAT(name, buf) stat (name, buf)
+#else
+# define SAFE_STAT(name, buf) safe_stat (name, buf)
+static inline int
+safe_stat (name, buf)
+     const char *name;
+     struct stat *buf;
+{
+  int ret;
+
+  do
+    ret = stat (name, buf);
+  while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Return 1 if PATH is a usable leading directory, 0 if not,
+   2 if it doesn't exist.  */
+
+static int
+dir_ok (path)
+     const char *path;
+{
+  struct stat stats;
+
+  if (SAFE_STAT (path, &stats))
+    return 2;
+
+  if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
+    {
+      error (0, 0, "`%s' is not a directory", path);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  /* Use access to test for search permission because
+     testing permission bits of st_mode can lose with new
+     access control mechanisms.  Of course, access loses if you're
+     running setuid. */
+  if (access (path, X_OK) != 0)
+    {
+      if (errno == EACCES)
+	builtin_error ("directory `%s' is not searchable", path);
+      else
+	builtin_error ("%s: %s", path, strerror (errno));
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static char *
+xstrdup (s)
+     char *s;
+{
+  return (savestring (s));
+}
+
+/* Make sure that
+   strlen (PATH) <= PATH_MAX
+   && strlen (each-existing-directory-in-PATH) <= NAME_MAX
+
+   If PORTABILITY is nonzero, compare against _POSIX_PATH_MAX and
+   _POSIX_NAME_MAX instead, and make sure that PATH contains no
+   characters not in the POSIX portable filename character set, which
+   consists of A-Z, a-z, 0-9, ., _, -.
+
+   Make sure that all leading directories along PATH that exist have
+   `x' permission.
+
+   Return 0 if all of these tests are successful, 1 if any fail. */
+
+static int
+validate_path (path, portability)
+     char *path;
+     int portability;
+{
+  int path_max;
+  int last_elem;		/* Nonzero if checking last element of path. */
+  int exists;			/* 2 if the path element exists.  */
+  char *slash;
+  char *parent;			/* Last existing leading directory so far.  */
+
+  if (portability && !portable_chars_only (path))
+    return 1;
+
+  if (*path == '\0')
+    return 0;
+
+#ifdef lint
+  /* Suppress `used before initialized' warning.  */
+  exists = 0;
+#endif
+
+  /* Figure out the parent of the first element in PATH.  */
+  parent = xstrdup (*path == '/' ? "/" : ".");
+
+  slash = path;
+  last_elem = 0;
+  while (1)
+    {
+      int name_max;
+      int length;		/* Length of partial path being checked. */
+      char *start;		/* Start of path element being checked. */
+
+      /* Find the end of this element of the path.
+	 Then chop off the rest of the path after this element. */
+      while (*slash == '/')
+	slash++;
+      start = slash;
+      slash = strchr (slash, '/');
+      if (slash != NULL)
+	*slash = '\0';
+      else
+	{
+	  last_elem = 1;
+	  slash = strchr (start, '\0');
+	}
+
+      if (!last_elem)
+	{
+	  exists = dir_ok (path);
+	  if (dir_ok == 0)
+	    {
+	      free (parent);
+	      return 1;
+	    }
+	}
+
+      length = slash - start;
+      /* Since we know that `parent' is a directory, it's ok to call
+	 pathconf with it as the argument.  (If `parent' isn't a directory
+	 or doesn't exist, the behavior of pathconf is undefined.)
+	 But if `parent' is a directory and is on a remote file system,
+	 it's likely that pathconf can't give us a reasonable value
+	 and will return -1.  (NFS and tempfs are not POSIX . . .)
+	 In that case, we have no choice but to assume the pessimal
+	 POSIX minimums.  */
+      name_max = portability ? _POSIX_NAME_MAX : NAME_MAX_FOR (parent);
+      if (name_max < 0)
+	name_max = _POSIX_NAME_MAX;
+      if (length > name_max)
+	{
+	  error (0, 0, "name `%s' has length %d; exceeds limit of %d",
+		 start, length, name_max);
+	  free (parent);
+	  return 1;
+	}
+
+      if (last_elem)
+	break;
+
+      if (exists == 1)
+	{
+	  free (parent);
+	  parent = xstrdup (path);
+	}
+
+      *slash++ = '/';
+    }
+
+  /* `parent' is now the last existing leading directory in the whole path,
+     so it's ok to call pathconf with it as the argument.  */
+  path_max = portability ? _POSIX_PATH_MAX : PATH_MAX_FOR (parent);
+  if (path_max < 0)
+    path_max = _POSIX_PATH_MAX;
+  free (parent);
+  if (strlen (path) > path_max)
+    {
+      error (0, 0, "path `%s' has length %d; exceeds limit of %d",
+	     path, strlen (path), path_max);
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}

examples/loadables/print.c

@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "stdc.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#define PF(f, func) { \
+	if (fieldwidth) \
+		if (precision) \
+			(void)fprintf(ofp, f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
+		else \
+			(void)fprintf(ofp, f, fieldwidth, func); \
+	else if (precision) \
+		(void)fprintf(ofp, f, precision, func); \
+	else \
+		(void)fprintf(ofp, f, func); \
+}
+
+static int	 asciicode __P((void));
+static void	 escape __P((char *));
+static int	 getchr __P((void));
+static double	 getdouble __P((void));
+static int	 getint __P((int *));
+static int	 getlong __P((long *));
+static char	*getstr __P((void));
+static char	*mklong __P((char *, int));
+static void	 usage __P((void));
+
+static char **gargv;
+
+int print_builtin ();
+static int printf_main ();
+static int printargs ();
+
+static FILE *ofp;
+
+extern char *ansicstr ();
+extern char *single_quote ();
+extern char **make_builtin_argv ();
+
+extern char *this_command_name;
+
+extern int optind;
+
+static char *print_doc[] = {
+  "Output the arguments.  The -f option means to use the argument as a",
+  "format string as would be supplied to printf(1).  The rest of the",
+  "options are as in ksh.",
+  (char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin print_struct = {
+	"print",
+	print_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	print_doc,
+	"print [-Rnprs] [-u unit] [-f format] [arguments]",
+	(char *)0
+};
+
+#ifndef ISOPTION
+#define ISOPTION(s, c)	(s[0] == '-' && s[2] == '\0' && s[1] == c)
+#endif
+
+int
+print_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int c, r, nflag, raw, ofd, sflag;
+  char **v, *pfmt, *arg;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+
+  nflag = raw = sflag = 0;
+  ofd = 1;
+  pfmt = 0;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  while ((c = internal_getopt (list, "Rnprsu:f:")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (c)
+	{
+	case 'R':
+	  raw = 2;
+	  loptend = lcurrent;
+	  if (loptend && ISOPTION (loptend->word->word, 'n'))
+	    {
+	      loptend = loptend->next;
+	      nflag = 1;
+	    }
+	  goto opt_end;
+	case 'r':
+	  raw = 1;
+	  break;
+	case 'n':
+	  nflag = 1;
+	  break;
+	case 's':
+	  sflag = 1;
+	  break;
+	case 'p':
+	  break;	/* NOP */
+	case 'u':
+	  if (all_digits (list_optarg))
+	    ofd = atoi (list_optarg);
+	  else
+	    {
+	      for (l = list; l->next && l->next != lcurrent; l = l->next);
+	      lcurrent = loptend = l;
+	      goto opt_end;
+	    }
+	  break;
+	case 'f':
+	  pfmt = list_optarg;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+
+opt_end:
+  list = loptend;
+
+  ofp = (ofd == 1) ? stdout : fdopen (dup (ofd), "w");
+
+  if (pfmt)
+    {
+      v = word_list_to_argv (list, 0, 2, &c);
+      v[0] = this_command_name;
+      v[1] = pfmt;
+      r = printf_main (c, v);
+      free (v);
+      return r;
+    }
+
+  if (raw)
+    {
+      for (l = list; l; l = l->next)
+	{
+	  fprintf (ofp, "%s", l->word->word);
+	  if (l->next)
+	    fprintf (ofp, " ");
+	}
+      if (nflag == 0)
+	fprintf (ofp, "\n");
+      fflush (ofp);
+      return (0);	
+    }
+        
+  r = printargs (list, ofp);
+  if (r && nflag == 0)
+    fprintf (ofp, "\n");
+  if (ofd != 1)
+    fclose (ofp);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int printargs (list, ofp)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+     FILE *ofp;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+  char *ostr;
+  int sawc;
+
+  for (sawc = 0, l = list; l; l = l->next)
+    {
+      ostr = ansicstr (l->word->word, strlen (l->word->word), &sawc);
+      fprintf (ofp, "%s", ostr);
+      free (ostr);
+      if (sawc)
+        return (0);
+      if (l->next)
+        fprintf (ofp, " ");
+    }
+  return (1);
+}
+
+static int
+printf_main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char *argv[];
+{
+	static char *skip1, *skip2;
+	int ch, end, fieldwidth, precision;
+	char convch, nextch, *format, *fmt, *start;
+
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "")) != EOF)
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			usage();
+			return (1);
+		}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+
+	if (argc < 1) {
+		usage();
+		return (1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
+	 * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
+	 * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value.  Note,
+	 * format strings are reused as necessary to use up the provided
+	 * arguments, arguments of zero/null string are provided to use
+	 * up the format string.
+	 */
+	skip1 = "#-+ 0";
+	skip2 = "*0123456789";
+
+	escape(fmt = format = *argv);		/* backslash interpretation */
+	gargv = ++argv;
+	for (;;) {
+		end = 0;
+		/* find next format specification */
+next:		for (start = fmt;; ++fmt) {
+			if (!*fmt) {
+				/* avoid infinite loop */
+				if (end == 1) {
+					warnx("missing format character",
+					    NULL, NULL);
+					return (1);
+				}
+				end = 1;
+				if (fmt > start)
+					(void)printf("%s", start);
+				if (!*gargv)
+					return (0);
+				fmt = format;
+				goto next;
+			}
+			/* %% prints a % */
+			if (*fmt == '%') {
+				if (*++fmt != '%')
+					break;
+				*fmt++ = '\0';
+				(void)printf("%s", start);
+				goto next;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* skip to field width */
+		for (; strchr(skip1, *fmt); ++fmt);
+		if (*fmt == '*') {
+			if (getint(&fieldwidth))
+				return (1);
+		} else
+			fieldwidth = 0;
+
+		/* skip to possible '.', get following precision */
+		for (; strchr(skip2, *fmt); ++fmt);
+		if (*fmt == '.')
+			++fmt;
+		if (*fmt == '*') {
+			if (getint(&precision))
+				return (1);
+		} else
+			precision = 0;
+
+		/* skip to conversion char */
+		for (; strchr(skip2, *fmt); ++fmt);
+		if (!*fmt) {
+			warnx("missing format character", NULL, NULL);
+			return (1);
+		}
+
+		convch = *fmt;
+		nextch = *++fmt;
+		*fmt = '\0';
+		switch(convch) {
+		case 'c': {
+			char p;
+
+			p = getchr();
+			PF(start, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 's': {
+			char *p;
+
+			p = getstr();
+			PF(start, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'b': {		/* expand escapes in argument */
+			char *p;
+
+			p = getstr();
+			escape(p);
+			PF(start, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'q': {		/* print with shell single quoting */
+			char *p, *p2;
+
+			p = getstr();
+			p2 = single_quote(p);
+			PF(start, p2);
+			free(p2);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
+			long p;
+			char *f;
+			
+			if ((f = mklong(start, convch)) == NULL)
+				return (1);
+			if (getlong(&p))
+				return (1);
+			PF(f, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'e': case 'E': case 'f': case 'g': case 'G': {
+			double p;
+
+			p = getdouble();
+			PF(start, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		default:
+			warnx("illegal format character", NULL, NULL);
+			return (1);
+		}
+		*fmt = nextch;
+	}
+	/* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+static char *
+mklong(str, ch)
+	char *str;
+	int ch;
+{
+	static char copy[64];
+	int len;
+
+	len = strlen(str) + 2;
+	memmove(copy, str, len - 3);
+	copy[len - 3] = 'l';
+	copy[len - 2] = ch;
+	copy[len - 1] = '\0';
+	return (copy);
+}
+
+static void
+escape(fmt)
+	register char *fmt;
+{
+	register char *store;
+	register int value, c;
+
+	for (store = fmt; c = *fmt; ++fmt, ++store) {
+		if (c != '\\') {
+			*store = c;
+			continue;
+		}
+		switch (*++fmt) {
+		case '\0':		/* EOS, user error */
+			*store = '\\';
+			*++store = '\0';
+			return;
+		case '\\':		/* backslash */
+		case '\'':		/* single quote */
+			*store = *fmt;
+			break;
+		case 'a':		/* bell/alert */
+			*store = '\7';
+			break;
+		case 'b':		/* backspace */
+			*store = '\b';
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			return;
+		case 'e':
+		case 'E':
+			*store = '\033';
+			break;
+		case 'f':		/* form-feed */
+			*store = '\f';
+			break;
+		case 'n':		/* newline */
+			*store = '\n';
+			break;
+		case 'r':		/* carriage-return */
+			*store = '\r';
+			break;
+		case 't':		/* horizontal tab */
+			*store = '\t';
+			break;
+		case 'v':		/* vertical tab */
+			*store = '\13';
+			break;
+					/* octal constant */
+		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+		case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+			for (c = 3, value = 0;
+			    c-- && *fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '7'; ++fmt) {
+				value <<= 3;
+				value += *fmt - '0';
+			}
+			--fmt;
+			*store = value;
+			break;
+		default:
+			*store = *fmt;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	*store = '\0';
+}
+
+static int
+getchr()
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ('\0');
+	return ((int)**gargv++);
+}
+
+static char *
+getstr()
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ("");
+	return (*gargv++);
+}
+
+static char *Number = "+-.0123456789";
+static int
+getint(ip)
+	int *ip;
+{
+	long val;
+
+	if (getlong(&val))
+		return (1);
+	if (val > INT_MAX) {
+		warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+		return (1);
+	}
+	*ip = val;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+getlong(lp)
+	long *lp;
+{
+	long val;
+	char *ep;
+
+	if (!*gargv) {
+		*lp = 0;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if (strchr(Number, **gargv)) {
+		errno = 0;
+		val = strtol(*gargv, &ep, 0);
+		if (*ep != '\0') {
+			warnx("%s: illegal number", *gargv, NULL);
+			return (1);
+		}
+		if (errno == ERANGE)
+			if (val == LONG_MAX) {
+				warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+				return (1);
+			}
+			if (val == LONG_MIN) {
+				warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+				return (1);
+			}
+			
+		*lp = val;
+		++gargv;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	*lp =  (long)asciicode();
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static double
+getdouble()
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ((double)0);
+	if (strchr(Number, **gargv))
+		return (atof(*gargv++));
+	return ((double)asciicode());
+}
+
+static int
+asciicode()
+{
+	register int ch;
+
+	ch = **gargv;
+	if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"')
+		ch = (*gargv)[1];
+	++gargv;
+	return (ch);
+}
+
+static void
+usage()
+{
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: print [-Rnprs] [-u unit] [-f format] [arg ...]\n");
+}

examples/loadables/printf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if !defined(BUILTIN) && !defined(SHELL)
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)printf.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 7/20/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "stdc.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#define PF(f, func) { \
+	if (fieldwidth) \
+		if (precision) \
+			(void)printf(f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
+		else \
+			(void)printf(f, fieldwidth, func); \
+	else if (precision) \
+		(void)printf(f, precision, func); \
+	else \
+		(void)printf(f, func); \
+}
+
+static int	 asciicode __P((void));
+static void	 escape __P((char *));
+static int	 getchr __P((void));
+static double	 getdouble __P((void));
+static int	 getint __P((int *));
+static int	 getlong __P((long *));
+static char	*getstr __P((void));
+static char	*mklong __P((char *, int));
+static void	 usage __P((void));
+
+static char **gargv;
+
+int printf_builtin ();
+static int printf_main ();
+extern char *this_command_name;
+extern char *single_quote ();
+extern char **make_builtin_argv ();
+
+static char *printf_doc[] = {
+  "printf formats and prints its arguments, after the first, under control",
+  "of the format. The format is a character string which contains three",
+  "types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard",
+  "output, character escape sequences which are converted and copied to the",
+  "standard output, and format specifications, each of which causes printing",
+  "of the next successive argument.  In addition to the standard printf(1)",
+  "formats, %%b means to expand escapes in the corresponding argument, and",
+  "%%q means to quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input.",
+  (char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin printf_struct = {
+	"printf",
+	printf_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	printf_doc,
+	"printf format [arguments]",
+	(char *)0
+};
+
+int
+printf_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int c, r;
+  char **v;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+
+  v = make_builtin_argv (list, &c);
+  r = printf_main (c, v);
+  free (v);
+  fflush(stdout);
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+static int
+printf_main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char *argv[];
+{
+	extern int optind;
+	static char *skip1, *skip2;
+	int ch, end, fieldwidth, precision;
+	char convch, nextch, *format, *fmt, *start;
+
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "")) != EOF)
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			usage();
+			return (1);
+		}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+
+	if (argc < 1) {
+		usage();
+		return (1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
+	 * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
+	 * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value.  Note,
+	 * format strings are reused as necessary to use up the provided
+	 * arguments, arguments of zero/null string are provided to use
+	 * up the format string.
+	 */
+	skip1 = "#-+ 0";
+	skip2 = "*0123456789";
+
+	escape(fmt = format = *argv);		/* backslash interpretation */
+	gargv = ++argv;
+	for (;;) {
+		end = 0;
+		/* find next format specification */
+next:		for (start = fmt;; ++fmt) {
+			if (!*fmt) {
+				/* avoid infinite loop */
+				if (end == 1) {
+					warnx("missing format character",
+					    NULL, NULL);
+					return (1);
+				}
+				end = 1;
+				if (fmt > start)
+					(void)printf("%s", start);
+				if (!*gargv)
+					return (0);
+				fmt = format;
+				goto next;
+			}
+			/* %% prints a % */
+			if (*fmt == '%') {
+				if (*++fmt != '%')
+					break;
+				*fmt++ = '\0';
+				(void)printf("%s", start);
+				goto next;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* skip to field width */
+		for (; strchr(skip1, *fmt); ++fmt);
+		if (*fmt == '*') {
+			if (getint(&fieldwidth))
+				return (1);
+		} else
+			fieldwidth = 0;
+
+		/* skip to possible '.', get following precision */
+		for (; strchr(skip2, *fmt); ++fmt);
+		if (*fmt == '.')
+			++fmt;
+		if (*fmt == '*') {
+			if (getint(&precision))
+				return (1);
+		} else
+			precision = 0;
+
+		/* skip to conversion char */
+		for (; strchr(skip2, *fmt); ++fmt);
+		if (!*fmt) {
+			warnx("missing format character", NULL, NULL);
+			return (1);
+		}
+
+		convch = *fmt;
+		nextch = *++fmt;
+		*fmt = '\0';
+		switch(convch) {
+		case 'c': {
+			char p;
+
+			p = getchr();
+			PF(start, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 's': {
+			char *p;
+
+			p = getstr();
+			PF(start, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'b': {		/* expand escapes in argument */
+			char *p;
+
+			p = getstr();
+			escape(p);
+			PF("%s", p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'q': {		/* print with shell single quoting */
+			char *p, *p2;
+
+			p = getstr();
+			p2 = single_quote(p);
+			PF("%s", p2);
+			free(p2);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
+			long p;
+			char *f;
+			
+			if ((f = mklong(start, convch)) == NULL)
+				return (1);
+			if (getlong(&p))
+				return (1);
+			PF(f, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'e': case 'E': case 'f': case 'g': case 'G': {
+			double p;
+
+			p = getdouble();
+			PF(start, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		default:
+			warnx("illegal format character", NULL, NULL);
+			return (1);
+		}
+		*fmt = nextch;
+	}
+	/* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+static char *
+mklong(str, ch)
+	char *str;
+	int ch;
+{
+	static char copy[64];
+	int len;
+
+	len = strlen(str) + 2;
+	memmove(copy, str, len - 3);
+	copy[len - 3] = 'l';
+	copy[len - 2] = ch;
+	copy[len - 1] = '\0';
+	return (copy);
+}
+
+static void
+escape(fmt)
+	register char *fmt;
+{
+	register char *store;
+	register int value, c;
+
+	for (store = fmt; c = *fmt; ++fmt, ++store) {
+		if (c != '\\') {
+			*store = c;
+			continue;
+		}
+		switch (*++fmt) {
+		case '\0':		/* EOS, user error */
+			*store = '\\';
+			*++store = '\0';
+			return;
+		case '\\':		/* backslash */
+		case '\'':		/* single quote */
+			*store = *fmt;
+			break;
+		case 'a':		/* bell/alert */
+			*store = '\7';
+			break;
+		case 'b':		/* backspace */
+			*store = '\b';
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			return;
+		case 'e':
+		case 'E':
+			*store = '\033';
+			break;
+		case 'f':		/* form-feed */
+			*store = '\f';
+			break;
+		case 'n':		/* newline */
+			*store = '\n';
+			break;
+		case 'r':		/* carriage-return */
+			*store = '\r';
+			break;
+		case 't':		/* horizontal tab */
+			*store = '\t';
+			break;
+		case 'v':		/* vertical tab */
+			*store = '\13';
+			break;
+					/* octal constant */
+		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+		case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+			for (c = 3, value = 0;
+			    c-- && *fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '7'; ++fmt) {
+				value <<= 3;
+				value += *fmt - '0';
+			}
+			--fmt;
+			*store = value;
+			break;
+		default:
+			*store = *fmt;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	*store = '\0';
+}
+
+static int
+getchr()
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ('\0');
+	return ((int)**gargv++);
+}
+
+static char *
+getstr()
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ("");
+	return (*gargv++);
+}
+
+static char *Number = "+-.0123456789";
+static int
+getint(ip)
+	int *ip;
+{
+	long val;
+
+	if (getlong(&val))
+		return (1);
+	if (val > INT_MAX) {
+		warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+		return (1);
+	}
+	*ip = val;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+getlong(lp)
+	long *lp;
+{
+	long val;
+	char *ep;
+
+	if (!*gargv) {
+		*lp = 0;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if (strchr(Number, **gargv)) {
+		errno = 0;
+		val = strtol(*gargv, &ep, 0);
+		if (*ep != '\0') {
+			warnx("%s: illegal number", *gargv, NULL);
+			return (1);
+		}
+		if (errno == ERANGE)
+			if (val == LONG_MAX) {
+				warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+				return (1);
+			}
+			if (val == LONG_MIN) {
+				warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+				return (1);
+			}
+			
+		*lp = val;
+		++gargv;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	*lp =  (long)asciicode();
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static double
+getdouble()
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ((double)0);
+	if (strchr(Number, **gargv))
+		return (atof(*gargv++));
+	return ((double)asciicode());
+}
+
+static int
+asciicode()
+{
+	register int ch;
+
+	ch = **gargv;
+	if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"')
+		ch = (*gargv)[1];
+	++gargv;
+	return (ch);
+}
+
+static void
+usage()
+{
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: printf format [arg ...]\n");
+}

examples/loadables/pushd.c

@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+/* pushd.c, created from pushd.def. */
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <tilde/tilde.h>
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "maxpath.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif /* !errno */
+
+static char *m_badarg = "%s: bad argument";
+
+/* The list of remembered directories. */
+static char **pushd_directory_list = (char **)NULL;
+
+/* Number of existing slots in this list. */
+static int directory_list_size;
+
+/* Offset to the end of the list. */
+static int directory_list_offset;
+
+static void pushd_error ();
+static void clear_directory_stack ();
+static int cd_to_string ();
+static int change_to_temp ();
+static int get_dirstack_index ();
+static void add_dirstack_element ();
+
+#define NOCD		0x01
+#define ROTATE		0x02
+#define LONGFORM	0x04
+#define CLEARSTAK	0x08
+
+int
+pushd_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  char *temp, *current_directory, *top;
+  int j, flags;
+  long num;
+  char direction;
+
+  /* If there is no argument list then switch current and
+     top of list. */
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      if (directory_list_offset == 0)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("no other directory");
+	  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+      current_directory = get_working_directory ("pushd");
+      if (current_directory == 0)
+	return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+      j = directory_list_offset - 1;
+      temp = pushd_directory_list[j];
+      pushd_directory_list[j] = current_directory;
+      j = change_to_temp (temp);
+      free (temp);
+      return j;
+    }
+
+  for (flags = 0; list; list = list->next)
+    {
+      if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, 'n'))
+	{
+	  flags |= NOCD;
+	}
+      else if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, '-'))
+        {
+          list = list->next;
+          break;
+        }
+      else if (list->word->word[0] == '-' && list->word->word[1] == '\0')
+	/* Let `pushd -' work like it used to. */
+	break;
+      else if (((direction = list->word->word[0]) == '+') || direction == '-')
+	{
+	  if (legal_number (list->word->word + 1, &num) == 0)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error (m_badarg, list->word->word);
+	      builtin_usage ();
+	      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	    }
+
+	  if (direction == '-')
+	    num = directory_list_offset - num;
+
+	  if (num > directory_list_offset || num < 0)
+	    {
+	      pushd_error (directory_list_offset, list->word->word);
+	      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	    }
+	  flags |= ROTATE;
+	}
+      else if (*list->word->word == '-')
+	{
+	  bad_option (list->word->word);
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+      else
+	break;
+    }
+
+  if (flags & ROTATE)
+    {
+      /* Rotate the stack num times.  Remember, the current
+	 directory acts like it is part of the stack. */
+      temp = get_working_directory ("pushd");
+
+      if (num == 0)
+	{
+	  j = ((flags & NOCD) == 0) ? change_to_temp (temp) : EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+	  free (temp);
+	  return j;
+	}
+
+      do
+	{
+	  top = pushd_directory_list[directory_list_offset - 1];
+
+	  for (j = directory_list_offset - 2; j > -1; j--)
+	    pushd_directory_list[j + 1] = pushd_directory_list[j];
+
+	  pushd_directory_list[j + 1] = temp;
+
+	  temp = top;
+	  num--;
+	}
+      while (num);
+
+      j = ((flags & NOCD) == 0) ? change_to_temp (temp) : EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+      free (temp);
+      return j;
+    }
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+
+  /* Change to the directory in list->word->word.  Save the current
+     directory on the top of the stack. */
+  current_directory = get_working_directory ("pushd");
+  if (current_directory == 0)
+    return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+  j = ((flags & NOCD) == 0) ? cd_builtin (list) : EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+  if (j == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+    {
+      add_dirstack_element ((flags & NOCD) ? savestring (list->word->word) : current_directory);
+      dirs_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+      return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      free (current_directory);
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Pop the directory stack, and then change to the new top of the stack.
+   If LIST is non-null it should consist of a word +N or -N, which says
+   what element to delete from the stack.  The default is the top one. */
+int
+popd_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  register int i;
+  long which;
+  int flags;
+  char direction;
+
+  for (flags = 0, which = 0L, direction = '+'; list; list = list->next)
+    {
+      if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, 'n'))
+        {
+          flags |= NOCD;
+        }
+      else if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, '-'))
+        {
+          list = list->next;
+          break;
+        }
+      else if (((direction = list->word->word[0]) == '+') || direction == '-')
+	{
+	  if (legal_number (list->word->word + 1, &which) == 0)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error (m_badarg, list->word->word);
+	      builtin_usage ();
+	      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	    }
+	}
+      else if (*list->word->word == '-')
+	{
+	  bad_option (list->word->word);
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+      else
+	break;
+    }
+
+  if (which > directory_list_offset || (directory_list_offset == 0 && which == 0))
+    {
+      pushd_error (directory_list_offset, list ? list->word->word : "");
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  /* Handle case of no specification, or top of stack specification. */
+  if ((direction == '+' && which == 0) ||
+      (direction == '-' && which == directory_list_offset))
+    {
+      i = ((flags & NOCD) == 0) ? cd_to_string (pushd_directory_list[directory_list_offset - 1])
+      			        : EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+      if (i != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+	return (i);
+      free (pushd_directory_list[--directory_list_offset]);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Since an offset other than the top directory was specified,
+	 remove that directory from the list and shift the remainder
+	 of the list into place. */
+      i = (direction == '+') ? directory_list_offset - which : which;
+      free (pushd_directory_list[i]);
+      directory_list_offset--;
+
+      /* Shift the remainder of the list into place. */
+      for (; i < directory_list_offset; i++)
+	pushd_directory_list[i] = pushd_directory_list[i + 1];
+    }
+
+  dirs_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+/* Print the current list of directories on the directory stack. */
+int
+dirs_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int flags, desired_index, index_flag, vflag;
+  long i;
+  char *temp, *w;
+
+  for (flags = vflag = index_flag = 0, desired_index = -1, w = ""; list; list = list->next)
+    {
+      if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, 'l'))
+	{
+	  flags |= LONGFORM;
+	}
+      else if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, 'c'))
+	{
+	  flags |= CLEARSTAK;
+	}
+      else if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, 'v'))
+	{
+	  vflag |= 2;
+	}
+      else if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, 'p'))
+	{
+	  vflag |= 1;
+	}
+      else if (ISOPTION (list->word->word, '-'))
+        {
+          list = list->next;
+          break;
+        }
+      else if (*list->word->word == '+' || *list->word->word == '-')
+        {
+          int sign;
+          if (legal_number (w = list->word->word + 1, &i) == 0)
+	    {
+	      builtin_error (m_badarg, list->word->word);
+	      builtin_usage ();
+	      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	    }
+	  sign = (*list->word->word == '+') ? 1 : -1;
+	  desired_index = get_dirstack_index (i, sign, &index_flag);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  bad_option (list->word->word);
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (flags & CLEARSTAK)
+    {
+      clear_directory_stack ();
+      return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+  if (index_flag && (desired_index < 0 || desired_index > directory_list_offset))
+    {
+      pushd_error (directory_list_offset, w);
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+#define DIRSTACK_FORMAT(temp) \
+  (flags & LONGFORM) ? temp : polite_directory_format (temp)
+
+  /* The first directory printed is always the current working directory. */
+  if (index_flag == 0 || (index_flag == 1 && desired_index == 0))
+    {
+      temp = get_working_directory ("dirs");
+      if (temp == 0)
+	temp = savestring ("<no current directory>");
+      if (vflag & 2)
+	printf ("%2d  %s", 0, DIRSTACK_FORMAT (temp));
+      else
+	printf ("%s", DIRSTACK_FORMAT (temp));
+      free (temp);
+      if (index_flag)
+	{
+	  putchar ('\n');
+	  return EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+	}
+    }
+
+#define DIRSTACK_ENTRY(i) \
+  (flags & LONGFORM) ? pushd_directory_list[i] \
+		     : polite_directory_format (pushd_directory_list[i])
+
+  /* Now print the requested directory stack entries. */
+  if (index_flag)
+    {
+      if (vflag & 2)
+	printf ("%2d  %s", directory_list_offset - desired_index,
+			   DIRSTACK_ENTRY (desired_index));
+      else
+	printf ("%s", DIRSTACK_ENTRY (desired_index));
+    }
+  else
+    for (i = directory_list_offset - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+      if (vflag >= 2)
+	printf ("\n%2d  %s", directory_list_offset - (int)i, DIRSTACK_ENTRY (i));
+      else
+	printf ("%s%s", (vflag & 1) ? "\n" : " ", DIRSTACK_ENTRY (i));
+
+  putchar ('\n');
+  fflush (stdout);
+  return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static void
+pushd_error (offset, arg)
+     int offset;
+     char *arg;
+{
+  if (offset == 0)
+    builtin_error ("directory stack empty");
+  else if (arg)
+    builtin_error ("%s: bad directory stack index", arg);
+  else
+    builtin_error ("bad directory stack index");
+}
+
+static void
+clear_directory_stack ()
+{
+  register int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < directory_list_offset; i++)
+    free (pushd_directory_list[i]);
+  directory_list_offset = 0;
+}
+
+/* Switch to the directory in NAME.  This uses the cd_builtin to do the work,
+   so if the result is EXECUTION_FAILURE then an error message has already
+   been printed. */
+static int
+cd_to_string (name)
+     char *name;
+{
+  WORD_LIST *tlist;
+  int result;
+
+  tlist = make_word_list (make_word (name), NULL);
+  result = cd_builtin (tlist);
+  dispose_words (tlist);
+  return (result);
+}
+
+static int
+change_to_temp (temp)
+     char *temp;
+{
+  int tt;
+
+  tt = temp ? cd_to_string (temp) : EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+
+  if (tt == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+    dirs_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+  return (tt);
+}
+
+static void
+add_dirstack_element (dir)
+     char *dir;
+{
+  int j;
+
+  if (directory_list_offset == directory_list_size)
+    {
+      j = (directory_list_size += 10) * sizeof (char *);
+      pushd_directory_list = (char **)xrealloc (pushd_directory_list, j);
+    }
+  pushd_directory_list[directory_list_offset++] = dir;
+}
+
+static int
+get_dirstack_index (ind, sign, indexp)
+     int ind, sign, *indexp;
+{
+  if (indexp)
+    *indexp = sign > 0 ? 1 : 2;
+
+  /* dirs +0 prints the current working directory. */
+  /* dirs -0 prints last element in directory stack */
+  if (ind == 0 && sign > 0)
+    return 0;
+  else if (ind == directory_list_offset)
+    {
+      if (indexp)
+	*indexp = sign > 0 ? 2 : 1;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  else
+    return (sign > 0 ? directory_list_offset - ind : ind);
+}
+
+char *
+get_dirstack_element (ind, sign)
+     int ind, sign;
+{
+  int i;
+
+  i = get_dirstack_index (ind, sign, (int *)NULL);
+  return (i < 0 || i > directory_list_offset) ? (char *)NULL
+					      : pushd_directory_list[i];
+}
+
+void
+set_dirstack_element (ind, sign, value)
+     int ind, sign;
+     char *value;
+{
+  int i;
+
+  i = get_dirstack_index (ind, sign, (int *)NULL);
+  if (ind == 0 || i < 0 || i > directory_list_offset)
+    return;
+  free (pushd_directory_list[i]);
+  pushd_directory_list[i] = savestring (value);
+}
+
+WORD_LIST *
+get_directory_stack ()
+{
+  register int i;
+  WORD_LIST *ret;
+  char *d, *t;
+
+  for (ret = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, i = 0; i < directory_list_offset; i++)
+    {
+      d = polite_directory_format (pushd_directory_list[i]);
+      ret = make_word_list (make_word (d), ret);
+    }
+  /* Now the current directory. */
+  d = get_working_directory ("dirstack");
+  i = 0;	/* sentinel to decide whether or not to free d */
+  if (d == 0)
+    d = ".";
+  else
+    {
+      t = polite_directory_format (d);
+      /* polite_directory_format sometimes returns its argument unchanged.
+	 If it does not, we can free d right away.  If it does, we need to
+	 mark d to be deleted later. */
+      if (t != d)
+	{
+	  free (d);
+	  d = t;
+	}
+      else /* t == d, so d is what we want */
+	i = 1;
+    }
+  ret = make_word_list (make_word (d), ret);
+  if (i)
+    free (d);
+  return ret;	/* was (REVERSE_LIST (ret, (WORD_LIST *)); */
+}
+
+static char *dirs_doc[] = {
+  "Display the list of currently remembered directories.  Directories",
+  "find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get",
+  "back up through the list with the `popd' command.",
+  "",
+  "The -l flag specifies that `dirs' should not print shorthand versions",
+  "of directories which are relative to your home directory.  This means",
+  "that `~/bin' might be displayed as `/homes/bfox/bin'.  The -v flag",
+  "causes `dirs' to print the directory stack with one entry per line,",
+  "prepending the directory name with its position in the stack.  The -p",
+  "flag does the same thing, but the stack position is not prepended.",
+  "The -c flag clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements.",
+  "",
+  "+N   displays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by",
+  "     dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.",
+  "",
+  "-N   displays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by",
+  "     dirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.",
+  (char *)NULL
+};
+
+static char *pushd_doc[] = {
+  "Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates",
+  "the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working",
+  "directory.  With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.",
+  "",
+  "+N   Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting",
+  "     from the left of the list shown by `dirs') is at the top.",
+  "",
+  "-N   Rotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting",
+  "     from the right) is at the top.",
+  "",
+  "-n   suppress the normal change of directory when adding directories",
+  "     to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.",
+  "",
+  "dir  adds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the",
+  "     new current working directory.",
+  "",
+  "You can see the directory stack with the `dirs' command.",
+  (char *)NULL
+};
+
+static char *popd_doc[] = {
+  "Removes entries from the directory stack.  With no arguments,",
+  "removes the top directory from the stack, and cd's to the new",
+  "top directory.",
+  "",
+  "+N   removes the Nth entry counting from the left of the list",
+  "     shown by `dirs', starting with zero.  For example: `popd +0'",
+  "     removes the first directory, `popd +1' the second.",   
+  "",
+  "-N   removes the Nth entry counting from the right of the list",
+  "     shown by `dirs', starting with zero.  For example: `popd -0'",
+  "     removes the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last.",
+  "",
+  "-n   suppress the normal change of directory when removing directories",
+  "     from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.",
+  "",
+  "You can see the directory stack with the `dirs' command.",
+  (char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin pushd_struct = {
+	"pushd",
+	pushd_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	pushd_doc,
+	"pushd [+N | -N] [-n] [dir]",
+	0
+};
+
+struct builtin popd_struct = {
+	"popd",
+	popd_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	popd_doc,
+	"popd [+N | -N] [-n]",
+	0
+};
+
+struct builtin dirs_struct = {
+	"dirs",
+	dirs_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	dirs_doc,
+	"dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]",
+	0
+};

examples/loadables/rmdir.c

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/* rmdir - remove directory */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+rmdir_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int rval;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+
+  if (no_options (list))
+    return (EX_USAGE);
+
+  for (rval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS, l = list; l; l = l->next)
+    if (rmdir (l->word->word) < 0)
+      {
+	builtin_error ("%s: %s", l->word->word, strerror (errno));
+	rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+      }
+
+  return rval;
+}
+
+char *rmdir_doc[] = {
+	"rmdir removes the directory entry specified by each argument,",
+	"provided the directory is empty.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin rmdir_struct = {
+	"rmdir",		/* builtin name */
+	rmdir_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	rmdir_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"rmdir directory ...",	/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};

examples/loadables/sleep.c

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*
+ * sleep -- sleep for fractions of a second
+ *
+ * usage: sleep seconds[.fraction]
+ */
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+
+#if defined (TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME)
+#  include <sys/time.h>
+#  include <time.h>
+#else
+#  if defined (HAVE_SYS_TIME_H)
+#    include <sys/time.h>
+#  else
+#    include <time.h>
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+
+#define RETURN(x) \
+	do { \
+		if (sp) *sp = sec; \
+		if (usp) *usp = usec; \
+		return (x); \
+	} while (0)
+
+#if defined (HAVE_TIMEVAL) && defined (HAVE_SELECT)
+static int
+fsleep(sec, usec)
+long	sec, usec;
+{
+	struct timeval tv;
+
+	tv.tv_sec = sec;
+	tv.tv_usec = usec;
+
+	return select(0, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &tv);
+}
+#else /* !HAVE_TIMEVAL || !HAVE_SELECT */
+static int
+fsleep(sec, usec)
+long	sec, usec;
+{
+	if (usec >= 500000)	/* round */
+		sec++;
+	return (sleep(sec));
+}
+#endif /* !HAVE_TIMEVAL || !HAVE_SELECT */
+
+/*
+ * An incredibly simplistic floating point converter.
+ */
+static int
+convert(s, sp, usp)
+char	*s;
+long	*sp, *usp;
+{
+	int n;
+	long sec, usec;
+	char	*p;
+
+	sec = usec = 0;
+
+#define DECIMAL	'.'
+
+	for (p = s; p && *p; p++) {
+		if (*p == DECIMAL)		/* decimal point */
+			break;
+		if (isdigit(*p) == 0)
+			RETURN(0);
+		sec = (sec * 10) + (*p - '0');
+	}
+
+	if (*p == 0)
+		RETURN(1);
+
+	if (*p == DECIMAL)
+		p++;
+
+	/* Look for up to six digits past a decimal point. */
+	for (n = 0; n < 6 && p[n]; n++) {
+		if (isdigit(p[n]) == 0)
+			RETURN(0);
+		usec = (usec * 10) + (p[n] - '0');
+	}
+
+	/* Now convert to millionths */
+	if (n == 1)
+		usec *= 100000;
+	else if (n == 2)
+		usec *= 10000;
+	else if (n == 3)
+		usec *= 1000;
+	else if (n == 4)
+		usec *= 100;
+	else if (n == 5)
+		usec *= 10;
+	else if (n == 6 && p[6] && isdigit(p[6]) && p[6] >= '5')	
+		usec++;			/* round up 1 */
+	RETURN(1);
+}
+
+int
+sleep_builtin (list)
+WORD_LIST	*list;
+{
+	long	sec, usec;
+
+	if (list == 0) {
+		builtin_usage();
+		return(EX_USAGE);
+	}
+
+	if (*list->word->word == '-' || list->next) {
+		builtin_usage ();
+		return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+
+    	if (convert(list->word->word, &sec, &usec)) {
+		fsleep(sec, usec);
+		return(EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+    	}
+
+	builtin_error("%s: bad sleep interval", list->word->word);
+	return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static char *sleep_doc[] = {
+	"sleep suspends execution for a minimum of SECONDS[.FRACTION] seconds.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin sleep_struct = {
+	"sleep",
+	sleep_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	sleep_doc,
+	"sleep seconds[.fraction]",
+	0
+};

examples/loadables/sprintf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if !defined(BUILTIN) && !defined(SHELL)
+#ifndef lint
+static char copyright[] =
+"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
+	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
+#endif /* not lint */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef lint
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)printf.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 7/20/93";
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "stdc.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+static char	sbuf[1024];
+static int	sblen;
+
+/* Gee, I wish sprintf could be reliably counted upon to return the
+   number of characters written :-( */
+#define PF(f, func) \
+do { \
+	if (fieldwidth) \
+		if (precision) \
+			sprintf(sbuf, f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
+		else \
+			sprintf(sbuf, f, fieldwidth, func); \
+	else if (precision) \
+		sprintf(sbuf, f, precision, func); \
+	else \
+		sprintf(sbuf, f, func); \
+	spaddstr (sbuf, strlen (sbuf)); \
+} while (0)
+
+static int	 asciicode __P((void));
+static void	 escape __P((char *));
+static int	 getchr __P((void));
+static double	 getdouble __P((void));
+static int	 getint __P((int *));
+static int	 getlong __P((long *));
+static char	*getstr __P((void));
+static char	*mklong __P((char *, int));
+static void	 usage __P((void));
+
+static char **gargv;
+
+static char *outstr;
+static int outsize;
+static int outind;
+
+int sprintf_builtin ();
+static int sprintf_main ();
+static void spaddstr ();
+
+extern char *this_command_name;
+extern char *single_quote ();
+extern char **make_builtin_argv ();
+
+static char *sprintf_doc[] = {
+  "sprintf formats and outputs its arguments, after the second, under control",
+  "of the format and assigns the result to the variable named by its first",
+  "argument. The format is a character string which contains three types",
+  "of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to the output string,",
+  "character escape sequences which are converted and copied to the output",
+  "string, and format specifications, each of which causes printing of the",
+  "next successive argument.  In addition to the standard sprintf(3) formats,",
+  "%b means to expand escapes in the corresponding argument, and %q means",
+  "to quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input.  Each",
+  "one of the format specifications must not expand to more than 1024",
+  "characters, though there is no limit on the total size of the output",
+  "string.",
+  (char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin sprintf_struct = {
+	"sprintf",
+	sprintf_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	sprintf_doc,
+	"sprintf var format [arguments]",
+	(char *)0
+};
+
+int
+sprintf_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int c, r;
+  char **v, *varname;
+  WORD_LIST *l;
+  SHELL_VAR *var;
+
+  if (list == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_usage ();
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  varname = list->word->word;
+  list = list->next;
+
+  if (legal_identifier (varname) == 0)
+    {
+      builtin_error ("%s: not a legal variable name", varname);
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  outind = 0;
+  if (outstr == 0)
+    outstr = xmalloc (outsize = 64);
+  outstr[0] = '\0';
+
+  v = make_builtin_argv (list, &c);
+  r = sprintf_main (c, v);
+  free (v);
+
+  var = bind_variable (varname, outstr);
+  if (readonly_p (var))
+    {
+      builtin_error ("%s: readonly variable", varname);
+      return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+  return r;
+}
+
+static void
+spaddstr(str, len)
+     char *str;
+     int len;
+{
+  RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (outstr, outind, len, outsize, 64);
+  strcpy (outstr + outind, str);
+  outind += len;
+}
+
+static int
+sprintf_main(argc, argv)
+	int argc;
+	char *argv[];
+{
+	extern int optind;
+	static char *skip1, *skip2;
+	int ch, end, fieldwidth, precision;
+	char convch, nextch, *format, *fmt, *start;
+
+	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "")) != EOF)
+		switch (ch) {
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			usage();
+			return (1);
+		}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+
+	if (argc < 1) {
+		usage();
+		return (1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
+	 * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
+	 * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value.  Note,
+	 * format strings are reused as necessary to use up the provided
+	 * arguments, arguments of zero/null string are provided to use
+	 * up the format string.
+	 */
+	skip1 = "#-+ 0";
+	skip2 = "*0123456789";
+
+	escape(fmt = format = *argv);		/* backslash interpretation */
+	gargv = ++argv;
+	for (;;) {
+		end = 0;
+		/* find next format specification */
+next:		for (start = fmt;; ++fmt) {
+			if (!*fmt) {
+				/* avoid infinite loop */
+				if (end == 1) {
+					warnx("missing format character",
+					    NULL, NULL);
+					return (1);
+				}
+				end = 1;
+				if (fmt > start)
+					(void)printf("%s", start);
+				if (!*gargv)
+					return (0);
+				fmt = format;
+				goto next;
+			}
+			/* %% prints a % */
+			if (*fmt == '%') {
+				if (*++fmt != '%')
+					break;
+				*fmt++ = '\0';
+				(void)printf("%s", start);
+				goto next;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* skip to field width */
+		for (; strchr(skip1, *fmt); ++fmt);
+		if (*fmt == '*') {
+			if (getint(&fieldwidth))
+				return (1);
+		} else
+			fieldwidth = 0;
+
+		/* skip to possible '.', get following precision */
+		for (; strchr(skip2, *fmt); ++fmt);
+		if (*fmt == '.')
+			++fmt;
+		if (*fmt == '*') {
+			if (getint(&precision))
+				return (1);
+		} else
+			precision = 0;
+
+		/* skip to conversion char */
+		for (; strchr(skip2, *fmt); ++fmt);
+		if (!*fmt) {
+			warnx("missing format character", NULL, NULL);
+			return (1);
+		}
+
+		convch = *fmt;
+		nextch = *++fmt;
+		*fmt = '\0';
+		switch(convch) {
+		case 'c': {
+			char p;
+
+			p = getchr();
+			PF(start, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 's': {
+			char *p;
+
+			p = getstr();
+			PF(start, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'b': {		/* expand escapes in argument */
+			char *p;
+
+			p = getstr();
+			escape(p);
+			PF("%s", p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'q': {		/* print with shell single quoting */
+			char *p, *p2;
+
+			p = getstr();
+			p2 = single_quote(p);
+			PF("%s", p2);
+			free(p2);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
+			long p;
+			char *f;
+			
+			if ((f = mklong(start, convch)) == NULL)
+				return (1);
+			if (getlong(&p))
+				return (1);
+			PF(f, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'e': case 'E': case 'f': case 'g': case 'G': {
+			double p;
+
+			p = getdouble();
+			PF(start, p);
+			break;
+		}
+		default:
+			warnx("illegal format character", NULL, NULL);
+			return (1);
+		}
+		*fmt = nextch;
+	}
+	/* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+static char *
+mklong(str, ch)
+	char *str;
+	int ch;
+{
+	static char copy[64];
+	int len;
+
+	len = strlen(str) + 2;
+	memmove(copy, str, len - 3);
+	copy[len - 3] = 'l';
+	copy[len - 2] = ch;
+	copy[len - 1] = '\0';
+	return (copy);
+}
+
+static void
+escape(fmt)
+	register char *fmt;
+{
+	register char *store;
+	register int value, c;
+
+	for (store = fmt; c = *fmt; ++fmt, ++store) {
+		if (c != '\\') {
+			*store = c;
+			continue;
+		}
+		switch (*++fmt) {
+		case '\0':		/* EOS, user error */
+			*store = '\\';
+			*++store = '\0';
+			return;
+		case '\\':		/* backslash */
+		case '\'':		/* single quote */
+			*store = *fmt;
+			break;
+		case 'a':		/* bell/alert */
+			*store = '\7';
+			break;
+		case 'b':		/* backspace */
+			*store = '\b';
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			return;
+		case 'e':
+		case 'E':
+			*store = '\033';
+			break;
+		case 'f':		/* form-feed */
+			*store = '\f';
+			break;
+		case 'n':		/* newline */
+			*store = '\n';
+			break;
+		case 'r':		/* carriage-return */
+			*store = '\r';
+			break;
+		case 't':		/* horizontal tab */
+			*store = '\t';
+			break;
+		case 'v':		/* vertical tab */
+			*store = '\13';
+			break;
+					/* octal constant */
+		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+		case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+			for (c = 3, value = 0;
+			    c-- && *fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '7'; ++fmt) {
+				value <<= 3;
+				value += *fmt - '0';
+			}
+			--fmt;
+			*store = value;
+			break;
+		default:
+			*store = *fmt;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	*store = '\0';
+}
+
+static int
+getchr()
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ('\0');
+	return ((int)**gargv++);
+}
+
+static char *
+getstr()
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ("");
+	return (*gargv++);
+}
+
+static char *Number = "+-.0123456789";
+static int
+getint(ip)
+	int *ip;
+{
+	long val;
+
+	if (getlong(&val))
+		return (1);
+	if (val > INT_MAX) {
+		warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+		return (1);
+	}
+	*ip = val;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+getlong(lp)
+	long *lp;
+{
+	long val;
+	char *ep;
+
+	if (!*gargv) {
+		*lp = 0;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if (strchr(Number, **gargv)) {
+		errno = 0;
+		val = strtol(*gargv, &ep, 0);
+		if (*ep != '\0') {
+			warnx("%s: illegal number", *gargv, NULL);
+			return (1);
+		}
+		if (errno == ERANGE)
+			if (val == LONG_MAX) {
+				warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+				return (1);
+			}
+			if (val == LONG_MIN) {
+				warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
+				return (1);
+			}
+			
+		*lp = val;
+		++gargv;
+		return (0);
+	}
+	*lp =  (long)asciicode();
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static double
+getdouble()
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return ((double)0);
+	if (strchr(Number, **gargv))
+		return (atof(*gargv++));
+	return ((double)asciicode());
+}
+
+static int
+asciicode()
+{
+	register int ch;
+
+	ch = **gargv;
+	if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"')
+		ch = (*gargv)[1];
+	++gargv;
+	return (ch);
+}
+
+static void
+usage()
+{
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: printf format [arg ...]\n");
+}

examples/loadables/tee.c

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/* tee - duplicate standard input */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include "filecntl.h"
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+typedef struct flist {
+  struct flist *next;
+  int fd;
+  char *fname;
+} FLIST;
+
+static FLIST *tee_flist;
+
+#define TEE_BUFSIZE	8192
+
+extern int interrupt_immediately;
+
+extern char *strerror ();
+
+tee_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int opt, append, nointr, rval, fd, fflags;
+  int n, nr, nw;
+  FLIST *fl;
+  char *buf, *bp;
+
+  char *t;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  append = nointr = 0;
+  tee_flist = (FLIST *)NULL;
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "ai")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 'a':
+	  append = 1;
+	  break;
+	case 'i':
+	  nointr = 1;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  if (nointr == 0)
+    interrupt_immediately++;
+
+  buf = xmalloc (TEE_BUFSIZE);
+
+  /* Initialize output file list. */
+  fl = tee_flist = (FLIST *)xmalloc (sizeof(FLIST));
+  tee_flist->fd = 1;
+  tee_flist->fname = "stdout";
+  tee_flist->next = (FLIST *)NULL;
+
+  /* Add file arguments to list of output files. */
+  fflags = append ? O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND : O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC;
+  for (rval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS; list; list = list->next)
+    {
+      fd = open (list->word->word, fflags, 0666);
+      if (fd < 0)
+        {
+          builtin_error ("%s: cannot open: %s", list->word->word, strerror (errno));
+          rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          fl->next = (FLIST *)xmalloc (sizeof(FLIST));
+          fl->next->fd = fd;
+          fl->next->fname = list->word->word;
+          fl = fl->next;
+          fl->next = (FLIST *)NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+  while ((nr = read(0, buf, TEE_BUFSIZE)) > 0)
+    for (fl = tee_flist; fl; fl = fl->next)
+      {
+	n = nr;
+	bp = buf;
+	do
+	  {
+	    if ((nw = write (fl->fd, bp, n)) == -1)
+	      {
+		builtin_error ("%s: write error: %s", fl->fname, strerror (errno));
+		rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+		break;
+	      }
+            bp += nw;
+	  }
+	while (n -= nw);
+      }
+  if (nr < 0)
+    builtin_error ("read error: %s", strerror (errno));
+
+  /* Deallocate resources -- this is a builtin command. */
+  tee_flist = tee_flist->next;		/* skip bogus close of stdout */
+  while (tee_flist)
+    {
+      fl = tee_flist;
+      if (close (fl->fd) < 0)
+	{
+	  builtin_error ("%s: close_error: %s", fl->fname, strerror (errno));
+	  rval = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+	}
+      tee_flist = tee_flist->next;
+      free (fl);
+    }
+  
+  return (rval);
+}
+
+char *tee_doc[] = {
+	"Copy standard input to standard output, making a copy in each",
+	"filename argument.  If the `-a' option is gived, the specified",
+	"files are appended to, otherwise they are overwritten.  If the",
+	"`-i' option is supplied, tee ignores interrupts.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin tee_struct = {
+	"tee",			/* builtin name */
+	tee_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	tee_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"tee [-ai] [file ...]",	/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};

examples/loadables/truefalse.c

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/* true and false builtins */
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+
+true_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  return EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+false_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  return EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+}
+
+static char *true_doc[] = {
+	"Return a successful result.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+static char *false_doc[] = {
+	"Return an unsuccessful result.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin true_struct = {
+	"true",
+	true_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	true_doc,
+	"true",
+	0
+};
+
+struct builtin false_struct = {
+	"false",
+	false_builtin,
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,
+	false_doc,
+	"false",
+	0
+};

examples/loadables/tty.c

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* tty - return terminal name */
+
+/* See Makefile for compilation details. */
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+extern char *ttyname ();
+
+tty_builtin (list)
+     WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+  int opt, sflag;
+  char *t;
+
+  reset_internal_getopt ();
+  sflag = 0;
+  while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "s")) != -1)
+    {
+      switch (opt)
+	{
+	case 's':
+	  sflag = 1;
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  builtin_usage ();
+	  return (EX_USAGE);
+	}
+    }
+  list = loptend;
+
+  t = ttyname (0);
+  if (sflag == 0)
+    puts (t ? t : "not a tty");
+  return (t ? EXECUTION_SUCCESS : EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+}
+
+char *tty_doc[] = {
+	"tty writes the name of the terminal that is opened for standard",
+	"input to standard output.  If the `-s' option is supplied, nothing",
+	"is written; the exit status determines whether or not the standard",
+	"input is connected to a tty.",
+	(char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The standard structure describing a builtin command.  bash keeps an array
+   of these structures. */
+struct builtin tty_struct = {
+	"tty",			/* builtin name */
+	tty_builtin,		/* function implementing the builtin */
+	BUILTIN_ENABLED,	/* initial flags for builtin */
+	tty_doc,		/* array of long documentation strings. */
+	"tty [-s]",		/* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+	0			/* reserved for internal use */
+};