Imported from ../bash-4.0.tar.gz.

doc/FAQ

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-This is the Bash FAQ, version 3.36, for Bash version 3.2.
+This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.01, for Bash version 4.0.
 
 This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
 Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell.  Bash is a freely-available command
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
 
 Section B:  The latest version
 
-B1) What's new in version 3.2?
-B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
-    bash-2.05b?
+B1) What's new in version 4.0?
+B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.0,
+    bash-3.2, and bash-2.05b?
 
 Section C:  Differences from other Unix shells
 
@@ -143,26 +143,26 @@ of Case Western Reserve University.
 
 A2)  What's the latest version?
 
-The latest version is 3.2, first made available on 12 October, 2006.
+The latest version is 4.0, first made available on 20 February, 2009.
 
 A3)  Where can I get it?
 
 Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
 master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors.  The
 latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
-The following URLs tell how to get version 3.2:
+The following URLs tell how to get version 4.0:
 
-ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.0.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.0.tar.gz
 
 Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:
 
-ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.0.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.0.tar.gz
 
 Any patches for the current version are available with the URL:
 
-ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.2-patches/
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.0-patches/
 
 A4)  On what machines will bash run?
 
@@ -194,9 +194,8 @@ http://www.cygwin.com/.
 
 Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
 early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases.  Cygnus has also done
-ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
-are available as part of their current release.  Bash-3.2 is currently
-being tested and should be available soon.
+ports of bash-2.05b and bash-3.2 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
+are available as part of their current release.
 
 Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to
 build and run under CYGWIN.
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status.
 
 Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services
 for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix.  I do not anticipate any problems
-with building bash-3.1 or bash-3.2.
+with building bash-4.0, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed.
 
 A6) How can I build bash with gcc? 
 
@@ -388,12 +387,158 @@ They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual
 
 Section B:  The latest version
 
-B1) What's new in version 3.2?
+B1) What's new in version 4.0?
 
-Bash-3.2 is the second maintenance release of the third major release of
-bash.  It contains the following significant new features (see the manual
-page for complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the
-bash-3.2 distribution).
+Bash-4.0 is the fourth major release of bash.  There are numerous new features,
+some experimental.  Depending on community reception, the experimental
+features will evolve.
+
+Bash-4.0 contains the following new features (see the manual page for
+complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.0
+distribution):
+
+o   When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
+    index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
+
+o   There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
+    the current shell.
+
+o   There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
+    to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
+    simple command.
+
+o   There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
+    report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
+
+o   The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
+    a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
+
+o   The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
+    the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
+
+o   The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
+    readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
+
+o   The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
+    Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
+
+o   Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
+    in the specified variable when the read builtin times out.  This also
+    results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
+    string when there is no input available.  When the read builtin times out,
+    it returns an exit status greater than 128.
+
+o   The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+    new variables settable by `shopt'.  Setting this variable currently
+    restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
+    of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
+
+o   The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
+    of threads) options.
+
+o   There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
+    completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
+    being executed.
+
+o   The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
+    buffer when using readline.
+
+o   A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
+    behavior for completion on an empty line.
+
+o   There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
+    globbing characters.
+
+o   The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
+    and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
+
+o   There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
+    given file.
+
+o   If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
+    named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
+    function arguments.
+
+o   There is a new shell option: `globstar'.  When enabled, the globbing code
+    treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
+    them, when appropriate) recursively.
+
+o   There is a new shell option: `dirspell'.  When enabled, the filename
+    completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
+    completion.
+
+o   The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
+    values.
+
+o   Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
+    will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
+    same number of digits.
+
+o   There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
+    It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
+
+o   The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
+    variables in the environment of the executed command:  READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
+    and READLINE_POINT.  The command can change the current readline line
+    and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
+    respectively.
+
+o   There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+    and standard error to the named file.
+
+o   The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
+    the standard error for a command through a pipe.
+
+o   The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
+    continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
+    statement rather than terminating the command.
+
+o   The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
+    test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
+    action, rather than terminating the command.
+
+o   The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM.  When set to an
+    integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W  will
+    retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
+    the intervening characters with `...'.
+
+o   There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
+    lowercase (,[,]).  They can work on either the first character or
+    array element, or globally.  They accept an optional shell pattern
+    that determines which characters to modify.  There is an optionally-
+    configured feature to include capitalization operators.
+
+o   The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
+    support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
+
+o   The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
+    assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
+    There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
+    assignment.
+
+o   There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
+    asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
+    Coprocs can be named.  The input and output file descriptors and the
+    PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
+    with coproc-specific names.
+
+o   A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
+    input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
+
+o   CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
+    mode.
+
+o   New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
+    which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
+    and honor shell quoting.
+
+o   New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
+    which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
+    as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
+
+A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
+
+Bash-3.2 contained the following new features:
 
 o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
   characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file.
@@ -401,8 +546,6 @@ o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
 o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's  =~ (regexp) operator now
   forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
 
-A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
-
 Bash-3.1 contained the following new features:
 
 o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict
@@ -651,10 +794,10 @@ grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
 lots of code now smaller and faster
 test suite greatly expanded
 
-B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-3.2 and
-    bash-2.05b?
+B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.0, bash-3.2,
+    and bash-2.05b?
 
-There are a few incompatibilities between version 2.05b and version 3.2.
+There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.0 and version 3.2.
 They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution.  That file
 is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to bash-maintainers@gnu.org
 if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
@@ -687,25 +830,25 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
 	the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
 	expansions to perform substring removal (${p%[%]w}, ${p#[#]w})
 	expansion of positional parameters beyond $9 with ${num}
-	variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, REPLY,
+	variables: BASH, BASHPID, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, REPLY,
 		   TIMEFORMAT, PPID, PWD, OLDPWD, SHLVL, RANDOM, SECONDS,
 		   LINENO, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE, HOSTNAME,
 		   ENV, PS3, PS4, DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, HISTSIZE, HISTFILE,
 		   HISTFILESIZE, HISTCONTROL, HISTIGNORE, GLOBIGNORE, GROUPS,
 		   PROMPT_COMMAND, FCEDIT, FIGNORE, IGNOREEOF, INPUTRC,
 		   SHELLOPTS, OPTERR, HOSTFILE, TMOUT, FUNCNAME, histchars,
-		   auto_resume
+		   auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM
 	DEBUG trap
 	ERR trap
 	variable arrays with new compound assignment syntax
-	redirections: <>, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-
+	redirections: <>, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>&
 	prompt string special char translation and variable expansion
 	auto-export of variables in initial environment
 	command search finds functions before builtins
 	bash return builtin will exit a file sourced with `.'
 	builtins: cd -/-L/-P, exec -l/-c/-a, echo -e/-E, hash -d/-l/-p/-t.
 		  export -n/-f/-p/name=value, pwd -L/-P,
-		  read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u,
+		  read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u/-i,
 		  readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o,
 		  set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P,
 		  unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x,
@@ -727,7 +870,7 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
 	other new bash builtins: bind, command, compgen, complete, builtin,
 				 declare/typeset, dirs, enable, fc, help,
 				 history, logout, popd, pushd, disown, shopt,
-				 printf
+				 printf, compopt, mapfile
 	exported functions
 	filename generation when using output redirection (command >a*)
 	POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
@@ -743,7 +886,14 @@ Things bash has that sh does not:
 	debugger support, including `caller' builtin and new variables
 	RETURN trap
 	the `+=' assignment operator
-
+	autocd shell option and behavior
+	command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function
+	globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior
+	|& synonym for `2>&1 |'
+	;& and ;;& case action list terminators
+	case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
+	associative arrays
+	coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables
 
 Things sh has that bash does not:
 	uses variable SHACCT to do shell accounting
@@ -788,14 +938,14 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
 	the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator
 	the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator
 	the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
-	variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, SHLVL,
+	variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, BASHPID, UID, EUID, SHLVL,
 		   TIMEFORMAT, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE,
 		   HISTFILESIZE, HISTIGNORE, HISTCONTROL, PROMPT_COMMAND,
 		   IGNOREEOF, FIGNORE, INPUTRC, HOSTFILE, DIRSTACK,
 		   PIPESTATUS, HOSTNAME, OPTERR, SHELLOPTS, GLOBIGNORE,
-		   GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume
+		   GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM
 	prompt expansion with backslash escapes and command substitution
-	redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-
+	redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>&
 	more extensive and extensible editing and programmable completion
 	builtins: bind, builtin, command, declare, dirs, echo -e/-E, enable,
 		  exec -l/-c/-a, fc -s, export -n/-f/-p, hash, help, history,
@@ -805,7 +955,7 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
 		  -o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/
 		  -h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type,
 		  typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -i/-q/-u/-x, umask -S, alias -p,
-		  shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen
+		  shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen, compopt, mapfile
 	`!' csh-style history expansion
 	POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
 	POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
@@ -821,18 +971,26 @@ Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
 	Timestamps in history entries
 	{x..y} brace expansion
 	The `+=' assignment operator
+	autocd shell option and behavior
+	command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function
+	globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior
+	|& synonym for `2>&1 |'
+	;& and ;;& case action list terminators
+	case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
+	associative arrays
+	coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables
 
 Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:
 	tracked aliases (alias -t)
 	variables: ERRNO, FPATH, EDITOR, VISUAL
-	co-processes (|&, >&p, <&p)
+	co-processes (bash uses different syntax)
 	weirdly-scoped functions
 	typeset +f to list all function names without definitions
 	text of command history kept in a file, not memory
 	builtins: alias -x, cd old new, newgrp, print,
 		  read -p/-s/var?prompt, set -A/-o gmacs/
 		  -o bgnice/-o markdirs/-o trackall/-o viraw/-s,
-		  typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-l/-u/-t, whence
+		  typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-t, whence
 	using environment to pass attributes of exported variables
 	arithmetic evaluation done on arguments to some builtins
 	reads .profile from $PWD when invoked as login shell
@@ -848,33 +1006,48 @@ Implementation differences:
 
 C3)  Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
 
-New things in ksh-93 not in bash-3.2:
-	associative arrays
+This list is current through ksh93t (11/04/2008)
+
+New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.0:
 	floating point arithmetic and variables
 	math library functions
 	${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array
 	`.' is allowed in variable names to create a hierarchical namespace
 	more extensive compound assignment syntax
 	discipline functions
-	`sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions)
-	typeset -n and `nameref' variables
 	KEYBD trap
 	variables: .sh.edchar, .sh.edmode, .sh.edcol, .sh.edtext, .sh.version,
 		   .sh.name, .sh.subscript, .sh.value, .sh.match, HISTEDIT
 	backreferences in pattern matching (\N)
-	`&' operator in pattern lists for matching
+	`&' operator in pattern lists for matching (match all instead of any)
+	exit statuses between 0 and 255
+	FPATH and PATH mixing
+	lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
+	no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
+	$''  \C[.collating-element.] escape sequence
+	-C/-I invocation options
 	print -f (bash uses printf)
 	`fc' has been renamed to `hist'
 	`.' can execute shell functions
-	exit statuses between 0 and 255
-	FPATH and PATH mixing
 	getopts -a
-	-I invocation option
-	printf %H, %P, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d
-	lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
-	no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
+	printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag
+	read -N (read -n differs, too)/-v
+	set -o showme/-o multiline (bash default)
+	`sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions)
+	typeset -n and `nameref' variables
+	typeset -C/-S/-T/-X/-h/-s
+	experimental `type' definitions (a la typedef) using typeset
+	negative subscripts for indexed array variables
+	array expansions ${array[sub1..sub2]} and ${!array[sub1..sub2]}
+	associative array assignments using `;' as element separator
+	command substitution $(n<#) expands to current byte offset for fd N
+	new '${ ' form of command substitution, executed in current shell
+	new >;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections
+	redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname
+	brace expansion printf-like formats 
 
-New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.2:
+New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.0:
+	associative arrays
 	[n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
         for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
         ?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators
@@ -883,24 +1056,30 @@ New things in ksh-93 present in bash-3.2:
 	compound array assignment
 	the `!' reserved word
 	loadable builtins -- but ksh uses `builtin' while bash uses `enable'
-	`command', `builtin', `disown' builtins
 	new $'...' and $"..." quoting
 	FIGNORE (but bash uses GLOBIGNORE), HISTCMD
-	set -o notify/-C
+	brace expansion and set -B
 	changes to kill builtin
+	`command', `builtin', `disown' builtins
+	echo -e
+	exec -c/-a
 	read -A (bash uses read -a)
         read -t/-d
 	trap -p
-	exec -c/-a
 	`.' restores the positional parameters when it completes
+	set -o notify/-C
+	set -o pipefail
+	set -G (-o globstar) and **
 	POSIX.2 `test'
 	umask -S
 	unalias -a
 	command and arithmetic substitution performed on PS1, PS4, and ENV
-	command name completion
+	command name completion, TAB displaying possible completions
 	ENV processed only for interactive shells
-	set -o pipefail
 	The `+=' assignment operator
+	the `;&' case statement "fallthrough" pattern list terminator
+	csh-style history expansion and set -H
+	negative offsets in ${param:offset:length}
 
 Section D:  Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
 
@@ -1457,6 +1636,11 @@ when assigning the variable, then expand the values to a single string that
 may contain whitespace.  The first problem may be solved by using backslashes
 or any other quoting mechanism to escape the white space in the patterns.
 
+Bash-4.0 introduces the concept of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+several options to the `shopt' builtin.  If the `compat31' option is enabled,
+bash reverts to the bash-3.1 behavior with respect to quoting the rhs of
+the =~ operator.
+
 Section F:  Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
 
 F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
@@ -1847,9 +2031,7 @@ H3) What's coming in future versions?
 
 These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash.
 
-Rocky Bernstein's bash debugger (support is included with bash-3.0)
-associative arrays
-co-processes, but with a new-style syntax that looks like function declaration
+Rocky Bernstein's bash debugger (support is included with bash-4.0)
 
 H4) What's on the bash `wish list' for future versions?
 
@@ -1867,9 +2049,9 @@ Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing
 
 H5) When will the next release appear?
 
-The next version will appear sometime in 2007.  Never make predictions. 
+The next version will appear sometime in 2009.  Never make predictions. 
 
-This document is Copyright 1995-2006 by Chester Ramey.
+This document is Copyright 1995-2009 by Chester Ramey.
 
 Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
 without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute

doc/bash.1

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 .\"	Case Western Reserve University
 .\"	chet@po.cwru.edu
 .\"
-.\"	Last Change: Mon Dec 29 16:49:01 EST 2008
+.\"	Last Change: Sat Feb  7 20:50:40 EST 2009
 .\"
 .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
 .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
 .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2008 December 29" "GNU Bash-4.0"
+.TH BASH 1 "2009 February 7" "GNU Bash-4.0"
 .\"
 .\" There's some problem with having a `@'
 .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -887,6 +887,9 @@ The format for a coprocess is:
 .PP
 This creates a coprocess named \fINAME\fP.
 If \fINAME\fP is not supplied, the default name is \fICOPROC\fP.
+\fINAME\fP must not be supplied if \fIcommand\fP is a \fIsimple
+command\fP (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
+of the simple command.
 When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable (see
 .B Arrays
 below) named \fINAME\fP in the context of the executing shell.
@@ -1361,7 +1364,7 @@ corresponding to each member of \fBFUNCNAME\fP.
 file where \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP was called
 (or \fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i-1\fP\fB]}\fP if referenced within another
 shell function).
-The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fB.
+The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP.
 Use \fBLINENO\fP to obtain the current line number.
 .TP
 .B BASH_REMATCH
@@ -1457,7 +1460,7 @@ programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
 below).
 .TP
 .B COMP_WORDBREAKS
-The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
+The set of characters that the \fBreadline\fP library treats as word
 separators when performing word completion.
 If
 .SM
@@ -1468,8 +1471,8 @@ subsequently reset.
 .B COMP_WORDS
 An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) consisting of the individual
 words in the current command line.
-The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
-separate them.
+The line is split into words as \fBreadline\fP would split it, using
+\fBCOMP_WORDBREAKS\fP as described above.
 This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
 below).
@@ -2484,9 +2487,10 @@ introduce indirection.
 .PP
 In each of the cases below, \fIword\fP is subject to tilde expansion,
 parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
-When not performing substring expansion, \fBbash\fP tests for a parameter
-that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
-parameter that is unset.
+.PP
+When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented below,
+\fBbash\fP tests for a parameter that is unset or null.  Omitting the colon
+results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
 .PP
 .PD 0
 .TP
@@ -2723,7 +2727,7 @@ to uppercase; the \fB,\fP operator converts matching uppercase letters
 to lowercase.
 The \fB^^\fP and \fB,,\fP expansions convert each matched character in the
 expanded value; the \fB^\fP and \fB,\fP expansions match and convert only
-the first character.
+the first character in the expanded value..
 If \fIpattern\fP is omitted, it is treated like a \fB?\fP, which matches
 every character.
 If
@@ -3173,7 +3177,7 @@ ls 2\fB>&\fP1 \fB>\fP dirlist
 .PP
 directs only the standard output to file
 .IR dirlist ,
-because the standard error was duplicated as standard output
+because the standard error was duplicated from the standard output
 before the standard output was redirected to
 .IR dirlist .
 .PP
@@ -5619,7 +5623,7 @@ variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
 If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:  if
 the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value
 of \fBcomment\-begin\fP, the value is inserted, otherwise
-the characters in \fBcomment-begin\fP are deleted from the beginning of 
+the characters in \fBcomment\-begin\fP are deleted from the beginning of 
 the line.
 In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed.
 The default value of
@@ -7636,6 +7640,10 @@ is supplied, or
 Exit a login shell.
 .TP
 \fBmapfile\fP [\fB\-n\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-O\fP \fIorigin\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-t\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcallback\fP] [\fB\-c\fP \fIquantum\fP] [\fIarray\fP]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBreadarray\fP [\fB\-n\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-O\fP \fIorigin\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIcount\fP] [\fB\-t\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcallback\fP] [\fB\-c\fP \fIquantum\fP] [\fIarray\fP]
+.PD
 Read lines from the standard input into array variable
 .IR array ,
 or from file descriptor 
@@ -7685,6 +7693,10 @@ If
 is specified without 
 .BR \-c ,
 the default quantum is 5000.
+When \fIcallback\fP is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+array element to be assigned as an additional argument.
+\fIcallback\fP is evaluated after the line is read but before the 
+array element is assigned.
 .PP
 If not supplied with an explicit origin, \fBmapfile\fP will clear \fIarray\fP
 before assigning to it.
@@ -7837,7 +7849,7 @@ The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while
 reading the name of the current directory or an
 invalid option is supplied.
 .TP
-\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fB\-\fP \fItext\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
+\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fB\-i\fP \fItext\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
 One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
 \fIfd\fP supplied as an argument to the \fB\-u\fP option, and the first word
 is assigned to the first
@@ -8021,7 +8033,10 @@ immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt.  This is
 effective only when job control is enabled.
 .TP 8
 .B \-e
-Exit immediately if a \fIsimple command\fP (see
+Exit immediately if a \fIpipeline\fP (which may consist of a single
+\fIsimple command\fP),  a \fIsubshell\fP command enclosed in parentheses,
+or one of the commands executed as part of a command list enclosed
+by braces (see
 .SM
 .B SHELL GRAMMAR
 above) exits with a non-zero status.
@@ -8031,21 +8046,25 @@ command that fails is part of the command list immediately following a
 or
 .B until
 keyword, 
-part of the test in an
+part of the test following the
 .B if
-statement, part of a command executed in a
+or
+.B elif
+reserved words, part of any command executed in a
 .B &&
 or
 .B \(bv\(bv
-list,
+list except the command following the final \fB&&\fP or \fB\(bv\(bv\fP,
 any command in a pipeline but the last,
 or if the command's return value is
-being inverted via
+being inverted with
 .BR ! .
-Failing simple commands that are part of shell functions or command lists
-enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
-cause the shell to exit.
 A trap on \fBERR\fP, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
+separately (see
+.B "COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT"
+above), and may cause
+subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
 .TP 8
 .B \-f
 Disable pathname expansion.
@@ -9037,7 +9056,7 @@ The maximum number of pending signals
 The maximum size that may be locked into memory
 .TP
 .B \-m
-The maximum resident set size
+The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit)
 .TP
 .B \-n
 The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
@@ -9312,7 +9331,7 @@ bfox@gnu.org
 .PP
 Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
 .br
-chet@po.cwru.edu
+chet.ramey@case.edu
 .SH BUG REPORTS
 If you find a bug in
 .B bash,

doc/bashbug.0

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+BASHBUG(1)                                                          BASHBUG(1)
+
+
+
+NNAAMMEE
+       bashbug - report a bug in bash
+
+SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
+       bbaasshhbbuugg [_-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n] [_-_-_h_e_l_p] [_e_m_a_i_l_-_a_d_d_r_e_s_s]
+
+DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
+       bbaasshhbbuugg is a shell script to help the user compose and mail bug reports
+       concerning bash in a standard format.  bbaasshhbbuugg invokes the editor spec-
+       ified by the environment variable EEDDIITTOORR on a temporary copy of the bug
+       report format outline. The user must fill in the appropriate fields and
+       exit  the  editor.   bbaasshhbbuugg  then  mails  the completed report to _b_u_g_-
+       _b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g, or _e_m_a_i_l_-_a_d_d_r_e_s_s.  If the report cannot be mailed, it  is
+       saved in the file _d_e_a_d_._b_a_s_h_b_u_g in the invoking user's home directory.
+
+       The  bug report format outline consists of several sections.  The first
+       section provides information about the machine, operating  system,  the
+       bash  version,  and  the  compilation  environment.  The second section
+       should be filled in with a description of the bug.  The  third  section
+       should  be  a  description  of  how to reproduce the bug.  The optional
+       fourth section is for a proposed fix.  Fixes are encouraged.
+
+EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
+       bbaasshhbbuugg will utilize the following environment variables if they exist:
+
+       EEDDIITTOORR Specifies  the  preferred  editor. If EEDDIITTOORR is not set, bbaasshhbbuugg
+              defaults to eemmaaccss.
+
+       HHOOMMEE   Directory in which the failed bug report is saved  if  the  mail
+              fails.
+
+       TTMMPPDDIIRR Directory in which to create temporary files and directories.
+
+SSEEEE AALLSSOO
+       _b_a_s_h(1)
+
+AAUUTTHHOORRSS
+       Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
+       bfox@gnu.org
+
+       Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
+       chet@po.cwru.edu
+
+
+
+GNU Bash-4.0                     1998 July 30                       BASHBUG(1)

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+EP
+%%Trailer
+end
+%%EOF

doc/bashref.info

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from
+This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
 /Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
 
 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.0, 28 October 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 December 2008).
 
-   This is Edition 4.0, last updated 28 October 2008, of `The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 December 2008, of `The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0.
 
-   Copyright (C) 1988-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ Bash Features
 *************
 
 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.0, 28 October 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 29 December 2008).
 
-   This is Edition 4.0, last updated 28 October 2008, of `The GNU Bash
+   This is Edition 4.0, last updated 29 December 2008, of `The GNU Bash
 Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0.
 
    Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -955,7 +955,9 @@ established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
      `coproc' [NAME] COMMAND [REDIRECTIONS]
 
 This creates a coprocess named NAME.  If NAME is not supplied, the
-default name is COPROC.
+default name is COPROC.  NAME must not be supplied if COMMAND is a
+simple command (*note Simple Commands::); otherwise, it is interpreted
+as the first word of the simple command.
 
    When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
 (*note Arrays::) named NAME in the context of the executing shell.  The
@@ -1405,11 +1407,12 @@ introduce indirection.
    In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion,
 parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
 
-   When not performing substring expansion, Bash tests for a parameter
-that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
-parameter that is unset.  Put another way, if the colon is included,
-the operator tests for both existence and that the value is not null;
-if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
+   When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.  Omitting the
+colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.  Put
+another way, if the colon is included, the operator tests for both
+PARAMETER's existence and that its value is not null; if the colon is
+omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
 
 `${PARAMETER:-WORD}'
      If PARAMETER is unset or null, the expansion of WORD is
@@ -1534,14 +1537,14 @@ if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
      matching PATTERN to uppercase; the `,' operator converts matching
      uppercase letters to lowercase.  The `^^' and `,,' expansions
      convert each matched character in the expanded value; the `^' and
-     `,' expansions match and convert only the first character.  If
-     PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a `?', which matches every
-     character.  If PARAMETER is `@' or `*', the case modification
-     operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the
-     expansion is the resultant list.  If PARAMETER is an array
-     variable subscripted with `@' or `*', the case modification
-     operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the
-     expansion is the resultant list.
+     `,' expansions match and convert only the first character in the
+     expanded value.  If PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a `?',
+     which matches every character.  If PARAMETER is `@' or `*', the
+     case modification operation is applied to each positional
+     parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.  If
+     PARAMETER is an array variable subscripted with `@' or `*', the
+     case modification operation is applied to each member of the array
+     in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
 
 
 
@@ -2184,6 +2187,10 @@ at invocation.  Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline
 are also executed in a subshell environment.  Changes made to the
 subshell environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
 
+   Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value
+of the `-e' option from the parent shell.  When not in POSIX mode, Bash
+clears the `-e' option in such subshells.
+
    If a command is followed by a `&' and job control is not active, the
 default standard input for the command is the empty file `/dev/null'.
 Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
@@ -3122,6 +3129,10 @@ POSIX standard.
           CALLBACK.
 
      If `-C' is specified without `-c', the default quantum is 5000.
+     When CALLBACK  is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+     array element to be assigned as an additional argument.  CALLBACK
+     is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element
+     is assigned.
 
      If not supplied with an explicit origin, `mapfile' will clear ARRAY
      before assigning to it.
@@ -3226,6 +3237,14 @@ POSIX standard.
           Read input from file descriptor FD.
 
 
+`readarray'
+          readarray [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] [
+          -C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+     Read lines from the standard input into array variable ARRAY, or
+     from file descriptor FD if the `-u' option is supplied.
+
+     A synonym for `mapfile'.
+
 `source'
           source FILENAME
      A synonym for `.' (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::).
@@ -9463,12 +9482,13 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
 * mapfile:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 342)
 * popd:                                  Directory Stack Builtins.
                                                               (line  37)
-* printf:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 383)
+* printf:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 387)
 * pushd:                                 Directory Stack Builtins.
                                                               (line  58)
 * pwd:                                   Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 163)
-* read:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 408)
+* read:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 412)
+* readarray:                             Bash Builtins.       (line 484)
 * readonly:                              Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 172)
 * return:                                Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -9477,7 +9497,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
 * shift:                                 Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 201)
 * shopt:                                 The Shopt Builtin.   (line   9)
-* source:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 480)
+* source:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 492)
 * suspend:                               Job Control Builtins.
                                                               (line  94)
 * test:                                  Bourne Shell Builtins.
@@ -9486,12 +9506,12 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
                                                               (line 281)
 * trap:                                  Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 286)
-* type:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 484)
-* typeset:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 515)
-* ulimit:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 521)
+* type:                                  Bash Builtins.       (line 496)
+* typeset:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 527)
+* ulimit:                                Bash Builtins.       (line 533)
 * umask:                                 Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 327)
-* unalias:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 607)
+* unalias:                               Bash Builtins.       (line 619)
 * unset:                                 Bourne Shell Builtins.
                                                               (line 344)
 * wait:                                  Job Control Builtins.
@@ -9974,132 +9994,132 @@ D.5 Concept Index
 
 
 Tag Table:
-Node: Top1344
-Node: Introduction3181
-Node: What is Bash?3409
-Node: What is a shell?4522
-Node: Definitions7062
-Node: Basic Shell Features9980
-Node: Shell Syntax11199
-Node: Shell Operation12229
-Node: Quoting13523
-Node: Escape Character14826
-Node: Single Quotes15311
-Node: Double Quotes15659
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting16784
-Node: Locale Translation17740
-Node: Comments18636
-Node: Shell Commands19254
-Node: Simple Commands20078
-Node: Pipelines20709
-Node: Lists22965
-Node: Compound Commands24694
-Node: Looping Constructs25498
-Node: Conditional Constructs27945
-Node: Command Grouping35951
-Node: Coprocesses37430
-Node: Shell Functions38919
-Node: Shell Parameters43380
-Node: Positional Parameters45796
-Node: Special Parameters46696
-Node: Shell Expansions49660
-Node: Brace Expansion51585
-Node: Tilde Expansion54338
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion56689
-Node: Command Substitution65520
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion66853
-Node: Process Substitution67703
-Node: Word Splitting68753
-Node: Filename Expansion70376
-Node: Pattern Matching72516
-Node: Quote Removal76155
-Node: Redirections76450
-Node: Executing Commands84593
-Node: Simple Command Expansion85263
-Node: Command Search and Execution87193
-Node: Command Execution Environment89530
-Node: Environment92329
-Node: Exit Status93989
-Node: Signals95610
-Node: Shell Scripts97578
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands100096
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins101773
-Node: Bash Builtins119091
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior142764
-Node: The Set Builtin143109
-Node: The Shopt Builtin152149
-Node: Special Builtins163011
-Node: Shell Variables163990
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables164430
-Node: Bash Variables166411
-Node: Bash Features188729
-Node: Invoking Bash189612
-Node: Bash Startup Files195421
-Node: Interactive Shells200390
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?200800
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?201449
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior202264
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions205544
-Node: Shell Arithmetic209123
-Node: Aliases211869
-Node: Arrays214441
-Node: The Directory Stack218283
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins218997
-Node: Printing a Prompt221889
-Node: The Restricted Shell224641
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode226473
-Node: Job Control234326
-Node: Job Control Basics234786
-Node: Job Control Builtins239399
-Node: Job Control Variables243763
-Node: Command Line Editing244921
-Node: Introduction and Notation246488
-Node: Readline Interaction248110
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials249301
-Node: Readline Movement Commands251090
-Node: Readline Killing Commands252055
-Node: Readline Arguments253975
-Node: Searching255019
-Node: Readline Init File257205
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax258352
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs271586
-Node: Sample Init File274119
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands277236
-Node: Commands For Moving278443
-Node: Commands For History279587
-Node: Commands For Text282742
-Node: Commands For Killing285415
-Node: Numeric Arguments287866
-Node: Commands For Completion289005
-Node: Keyboard Macros292772
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands293343
-Node: Readline vi Mode298654
-Node: Programmable Completion299568
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins305401
-Node: Using History Interactively313827
-Node: Bash History Facilities314511
-Node: Bash History Builtins317425
-Node: History Interaction321282
-Node: Event Designators323987
-Node: Word Designators325002
-Node: Modifiers326641
-Node: Installing Bash328045
-Node: Basic Installation329182
-Node: Compilers and Options331874
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures332615
-Node: Installation Names334279
-Node: Specifying the System Type335097
-Node: Sharing Defaults335813
-Node: Operation Controls336486
-Node: Optional Features337444
-Node: Reporting Bugs346846
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell348040
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License364727
-Node: Indexes387188
-Node: Builtin Index387642
-Node: Reserved Word Index394396
-Node: Variable Index396844
-Node: Function Index408650
-Node: Concept Index415382
+Node: Top1346
+Node: Introduction3185
+Node: What is Bash?3413
+Node: What is a shell?4526
+Node: Definitions7066
+Node: Basic Shell Features9984
+Node: Shell Syntax11203
+Node: Shell Operation12233
+Node: Quoting13527
+Node: Escape Character14830
+Node: Single Quotes15315
+Node: Double Quotes15663
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting16788
+Node: Locale Translation17744
+Node: Comments18640
+Node: Shell Commands19258
+Node: Simple Commands20082
+Node: Pipelines20713
+Node: Lists22969
+Node: Compound Commands24698
+Node: Looping Constructs25502
+Node: Conditional Constructs27949
+Node: Command Grouping35955
+Node: Coprocesses37434
+Node: Shell Functions39078
+Node: Shell Parameters43539
+Node: Positional Parameters45955
+Node: Special Parameters46855
+Node: Shell Expansions49819
+Node: Brace Expansion51744
+Node: Tilde Expansion54497
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion56848
+Node: Command Substitution65746
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion67079
+Node: Process Substitution67929
+Node: Word Splitting68979
+Node: Filename Expansion70602
+Node: Pattern Matching72742
+Node: Quote Removal76381
+Node: Redirections76676
+Node: Executing Commands84819
+Node: Simple Command Expansion85489
+Node: Command Search and Execution87419
+Node: Command Execution Environment89756
+Node: Environment92742
+Node: Exit Status94402
+Node: Signals96023
+Node: Shell Scripts97991
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands100509
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins102186
+Node: Bash Builtins119504
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior143695
+Node: The Set Builtin144040
+Node: The Shopt Builtin153080
+Node: Special Builtins163942
+Node: Shell Variables164921
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables165361
+Node: Bash Variables167342
+Node: Bash Features189660
+Node: Invoking Bash190543
+Node: Bash Startup Files196352
+Node: Interactive Shells201321
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?201731
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?202380
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior203195
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions206475
+Node: Shell Arithmetic210054
+Node: Aliases212800
+Node: Arrays215372
+Node: The Directory Stack219214
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins219928
+Node: Printing a Prompt222820
+Node: The Restricted Shell225572
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode227404
+Node: Job Control235257
+Node: Job Control Basics235717
+Node: Job Control Builtins240330
+Node: Job Control Variables244694
+Node: Command Line Editing245852
+Node: Introduction and Notation247419
+Node: Readline Interaction249041
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials250232
+Node: Readline Movement Commands252021
+Node: Readline Killing Commands252986
+Node: Readline Arguments254906
+Node: Searching255950
+Node: Readline Init File258136
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax259283
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs272517
+Node: Sample Init File275050
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands278167
+Node: Commands For Moving279374
+Node: Commands For History280518
+Node: Commands For Text283673
+Node: Commands For Killing286346
+Node: Numeric Arguments288797
+Node: Commands For Completion289936
+Node: Keyboard Macros293703
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands294274
+Node: Readline vi Mode299585
+Node: Programmable Completion300499
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins306332
+Node: Using History Interactively314758
+Node: Bash History Facilities315442
+Node: Bash History Builtins318356
+Node: History Interaction322213
+Node: Event Designators324918
+Node: Word Designators325933
+Node: Modifiers327572
+Node: Installing Bash328976
+Node: Basic Installation330113
+Node: Compilers and Options332805
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures333546
+Node: Installation Names335210
+Node: Specifying the System Type336028
+Node: Sharing Defaults336744
+Node: Operation Controls337417
+Node: Optional Features338375
+Node: Reporting Bugs347777
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell348971
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License365658
+Node: Indexes388119
+Node: Builtin Index388573
+Node: Reserved Word Index395400
+Node: Variable Index397848
+Node: Function Index409654
+Node: Concept Index416386
 
 End Tag Table

doc/bashref.texi

@@ -1095,6 +1095,9 @@ The format for a coprocess is:
 @noindent
 This creates a coprocess named @var{NAME}.
 If @var{NAME} is not supplied, the default name is @var{COPROC}.
+@var{NAME} must not be supplied if @var{command} is a simple
+command (@pxref{Simple Commands}); otherwise, it is interpreted as
+the first word of the simple command.
 
 When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
 (@pxref{Arrays})
@@ -1614,11 +1617,12 @@ introduce indirection.
 In each of the cases below, @var{word} is subject to tilde expansion,
 parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
 
-When not performing substring expansion, Bash tests for a parameter
-that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
-parameter that is unset.  Put another way, if the colon is included,
-the operator tests for both existence and that the value is not null;
-if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
+When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
+below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
+Put another way, if the colon is included,
+the operator tests for both @var{parameter}'s existence and that its value
+is not null; if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
 
 @table @code
 
@@ -1769,7 +1773,7 @@ to uppercase; the @samp{,} operator converts matching uppercase letters
 to lowercase.
 The @samp{^^} and @samp{,,} expansions convert each matched character in the
 expanded value; the @samp{^} and @samp{,} expansions match and convert only
-the first character.
+the first character in the expanded value.
 If @var{pattern} is omitted, it is treated like a @samp{?}, which matches
 every character.
 If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
@@ -2106,7 +2110,7 @@ ls 2>&1 > @var{dirlist}
 @end example
 @noindent
 directs only the standard output to file @var{dirlist},
-because the standard error was duplicated as standard output
+because the standard error was made a copy of the standard output
 before the standard output was redirected to @var{dirlist}.
 
 Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
@@ -3169,7 +3173,7 @@ is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
 subject to the following conditions.
 The @code{ERR} trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
 command list immediately following an @code{until} or @code{while} keyword,
-part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
+part of the test following the @code{if} or @code{elif} reserved words,
 part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list,
 or if the command's return
 status is being inverted using @code{!}.
@@ -3648,6 +3652,10 @@ Specify the number of lines read between each call to @var{callback}.
 
 If @option{-C} is specified without @option{-c}, 
 the default quantum is 5000.
+When @var{callback}  is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
+array element to be assigned as an additional argument.
+@var{callback} is evaluated after the line is read but before the 
+array element is assigned.
 
 If not supplied with an explicit origin, @code{mapfile} will clear @var{array}
 before assigning to it.
@@ -3765,6 +3773,18 @@ Read input from file descriptor @var{fd}.
 
 @end table
 
+@item readarray
+@btindex readarray
+@example
+readarray [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}] [
+-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}]
+@end example
+Read lines from the standard input into array variable @var{array},
+or from file descriptor @var{fd}
+if the @option{-u} option is supplied.
+
+A synonym for @code{mapfile}.
+
 @item source
 @btindex source
 @example
@@ -3858,10 +3878,11 @@ The maximum number of pending signals.
 The maximum size that may be locked into memory.
 
 @item -m
-The maximum resident set size.
+The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit).
 
 @item -n
-The maximum number of open file descriptors.
+The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
+allow this value to be set).
 
 @item -p
 The pipe buffer size.
@@ -3966,18 +3987,25 @@ Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported
 immediately, rather than before printing the next primary prompt.
 
 @item -e
-Exit immediately if a simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}) exits
-with a non-zero status, unless the command that fails is part of the
+Exit immediately if a pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}), which may consist
+of a single simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}),
+a subshell command enclosed in parentheses (@pxref{Command Grouping}),
+or one of the commands executed as part of a command list enclosed
+by braces (@pxref{Command Grouping})
+returns a non-zero status.
+The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the
 command list immediately following a @code{while} or @code{until} keyword,
 part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
-part of a command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||b} list,
+part of any command executed in a @code{&&} or @code{||} list except
+the command following the final @code{&&} or @code{||},
 any command in a pipeline but the last,
-or if the command's return status is being inverted using @code{!}.
-Failing simple commands that are part of shell functions or command lists
-enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not
-cause the shell to exit.
+or if the command's return status is being inverted with @code{!}.
 A trap on @code{ERR}, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
 
+This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
+separately (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and may cause
+subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
+
 @item -f
 Disable file name generation (globbing).
 
@@ -4773,8 +4801,8 @@ even if it is subsequently reset.
 @item COMP_WORDS
 An array variable consisting of the individual
 words in the current command line.
-The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
-separate them.
+The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using
+@code{COMP_WORDBREAKS} as described above.
 This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
 
@@ -7318,7 +7346,7 @@ to reproduce it.
 the template it provides for filing a bug report.
 
 Please send all reports concerning this manual to
-@email{chet@@po.CWRU.Edu}.
+@email{chet.ramey@@case.edu}.
 
 @node Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
 @appendix Major Differences From The Bourne Shell

doc/rbash.0

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+RBASH(1)                                                              RBASH(1)
+
+
+
+NNAAMMEE
+       rbash - restricted bash, see bbaasshh(1)
+
+RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL
+       If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at
+       invocation, the shell becomes restricted.  A restricted shell  is  used
+       to  set  up an environment more controlled than the standard shell.  It
+       behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the  following  are
+       disallowed or not performed:
+
+       +o      changing directories with ccdd
+
+       +o      setting or unsetting the values of SSHHEELLLL, PPAATTHH, EENNVV, or BBAASSHH__EENNVV
+
+       +o      specifying command names containing //
+
+       +o      specifying a file name containing a // as an argument  to  the  ..
+              builtin command
+
+       +o      Specifying  a  filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+              --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command
+
+       +o      importing function definitions from  the  shell  environment  at
+              startup
+
+       +o      parsing  the  value  of  SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at
+              startup
+
+       +o      redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+              ion operators
+
+       +o      using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another
+              command
+
+       +o      adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and  --dd  options
+              to the eennaabbllee builtin command
+
+       +o      Using  the  eennaabbllee  builtin  command  to  enable  disabled shell
+              builtins
+
+       +o      specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command
+
+       +o      turning off restricted mode with sseett ++rr or sseett ++oo rreessttrriicctteedd.
+
+       These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
+
+       When a command that is found to be a shell script  is  executed,  rrbbaasshh
+       turns  off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script.
+
+SSEEEE AALLSSOO
+       bash(1)
+
+
+
+GNU Bash-4.0                      2004 Apr 20                         RBASH(1)

doc/rbash.ps

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doc/version.texi

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 @end ignore
 
-@set LASTCHANGE Mon Dec 29 16:48:40 EST 2008
+@set LASTCHANGE Fri Feb 13 18:29:03 EST 2009
 
 @set EDITION 4.0
 @set VERSION 4.0
-@set UPDATED 29 December 2008
-@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2008
+@set UPDATED 13 February 2009
+@set UPDATED-MONTH February 2009