Imported from ../bash-3.2.tar.gz.

doc/bashref.texi

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ are preserved on all copies.
 
 @quotation
 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
 and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.  A copy of the license is
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ USA @*
 @top Bash Features
 
 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED})..
+the Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
 
 This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
 of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ of Unix.
 Bash is largely compatible with @code{sh} and incorporates useful
 features from the Korn shell @code{ksh} and the C shell @code{csh}.
 It is intended to be a conformant implementation of the @sc{ieee}
-@sc{posix} Shell and Tools specification (@sc{ieee} Working Group 1003.2).
+@sc{posix} Shell and Tools portion of the @sc{ieee} @sc{posix}
+specification (@sc{ieee} Standard 1003.1).
 It offers functional improvements over @code{sh} for both interactive and
 programming use.
 
@@ -217,7 +218,8 @@ These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual.
 @item POSIX
 @cindex POSIX
 A family of open system standards based on Unix.  Bash
-is concerned with @sc{posix} 1003.2, the Shell and Tools Standard.
+is primarily concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the
+@sc{posix} 1003.1 standard. 
 
 @item blank
 A space or tab character.
@@ -307,7 +309,7 @@ of an event occurring in the system.
 @item special builtin
 @cindex special builtin
 A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the
-@sc{posix} 1003.2 standard.
+@sc{posix} standard.
 
 @item token
 @cindex token
@@ -961,8 +963,8 @@ If the shell option @code{nocasematch}
 (see the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{Bash Builtins})
 is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
 of alphabetic characters.
-The return value is 0 if the string matches or does not match
-the pattern, respectively, and 1 otherwise.
+The return value is 0 if the string matches (@samp{==}) or does not
+match (@samp{!=})the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
 Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
 string.
 
@@ -1084,6 +1086,9 @@ name of a command.
 Any redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) associated with the shell function
 are performed when the function is executed.
 
+A function definition may be deleted using the @option{-f} option to the
+@code{unset} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
 The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
 occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists.
 When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
@@ -1652,15 +1657,13 @@ the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
 array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
 
 @item $@{@var{parameter}/@var{pattern}/@var{string}@} 
-@itemx $@{@var{parameter}//@var{pattern}/@var{string}@}
 
 The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
 filename expansion.
 @var{Parameter} is expanded and the longest match of @var{pattern}
 against its value is replaced with @var{string}.
-In the first form, only the first match is replaced.
-The second form causes all matches of @var{pattern} to be
-replaced with @var{string}.
+If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{/}, all matches of @var{pattern} are
+replaced with @var{string}.  Normally only the first match is replaced.
 If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{#}, it must match at the beginning
 of the expanded value of @var{parameter}.
 If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{%}, it must match at the end
@@ -1903,7 +1906,7 @@ force the use of the C locale by setting the @env{LC_COLLATE} or
 Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, @var{character classes} can be specified
 using the syntax
 @code{[:}@var{class}@code{:]}, where @var{class} is one of the
-following classes defined in the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard:
+following classes defined in the @sc{posix} standard:
 @example
 alnum   alpha   ascii   blank   cntrl   digit   graph   lower
 print   punct   space   upper   word    xdigit
@@ -2588,7 +2591,7 @@ under another shell.
 * The Set Builtin::		This builtin is so overloaded it
 				deserves its own section.
 * Special Builtins::		Builtin commands classified specially by
-				POSIX.2.
+				POSIX.
 @end menu
 
 Builtin commands are contained within the shell itself.
@@ -2598,7 +2601,7 @@ the command directly, without invoking another program.
 Builtin commands are necessary to implement functionality impossible
 or inconvenient to obtain with separate utilities.
 
-This section briefly the builtins which Bash inherits from
+This section briefly describes the builtins which Bash inherits from
 the Bourne Shell, as well as the builtin commands which are unique
 to or have been extended in Bash.
 
@@ -2621,7 +2624,7 @@ builtins do not accept options.
 @section Bourne Shell Builtins
 
 The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell.
-These commands are implemented as specified by the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard.
+These commands are implemented as specified by the @sc{posix} standard.
 
 @table @code
 @item :    @r{(a colon)}
@@ -2809,7 +2812,7 @@ If @code{getopts} is silent, then a colon (@samp{:}) is placed in
 @item hash
 @btindex hash
 @example
-hash [-'r] [-p @var{filename}] [-dt] [@var{name}]
+hash [-r] [-p @var{filename}] [-dt] [@var{name}]
 @end example
 Remember the full pathnames of commands specified as @var{name} arguments,
 so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations.
@@ -3027,8 +3030,8 @@ each time a shell function or a script executed with the @code{.} or
 @code{source} builtins finishes executing.
 
 Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
-Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child  
-process when it is created.
+Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original
+values in a child process when it is created.
 
 The return status is zero unless a @var{sigspec} does not specify a
 valid signal.
@@ -3073,7 +3076,7 @@ The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is readonly.
 
 This section describes builtin commands which are unique to
 or have been extended in Bash.
-Some of these commands are specified in the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard.
+Some of these commands are specified in the @sc{posix} standard.
 
 @table @code
 
@@ -3338,9 +3341,6 @@ backslash
 @item \0@var{nnn}
 the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn}
 (zero to three octal digits)
-@item \@var{nnn}
-the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn}
-(one to three octal digits)
 @item \x@var{HH}
 the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH}
 (one or two hex digits)
@@ -3833,7 +3833,7 @@ builtin command.
 @item ulimit
 @btindex ulimit
 @example
-ulimit [-acdflmnpstuvSH] [@var{limit}]
+ulimit [-acdefilmnpqrstuvxSH] [@var{limit}]
 @end example
 @code{ulimit} provides control over the resources available to processes
 started by the shell, on systems that allow such control.  If an
@@ -3854,8 +3854,14 @@ The maximum size of core files created.
 @item -d
 The maximum size of a process's data segment.
 
+@item -e
+The maximum scheduling priority ("nice").
+
 @item -f
-The maximum size of files created by the shell.
+The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children.
+
+@item -i
+The maximum number of pending signals.
 
 @item -l
 The maximum size that may be locked into memory.
@@ -3869,6 +3875,12 @@ The maximum number of open file descriptors.
 @item -p
 The pipe buffer size.
 
+@item -q
+The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues.
+
+@item -r
+The maximum real-time scheduling priority.
+
 @item -s
 The maximum stack size.
 
@@ -3881,6 +3893,9 @@ The maximum number of processes available to a single user.
 @item -v
 The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process.
 
+@item -x
+The maximum number of file locks.
+
 @end table
 
 If @var{limit} is given, it is the new value of the specified resource;
@@ -4045,7 +4060,7 @@ This option is disabled by default.
 
 @item posix
 Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
-from the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard to match the standard
+from the @sc{posix} standard to match the standard
 (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
 This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
 standard.
@@ -4089,8 +4104,8 @@ shell will exit.
 Print shell input lines as they are read.
 
 @item -x
-Print a trace of simple commands, \fBfor\fP commands, \fBcase\fP
-commands, \fBselect\fP commands, and arithmetic \fBfor\fP commands
+Print a trace of simple commands, @code{for} commands, @code{case}
+commands, @code{select} commands, and arithmetic @code{for} commands
 and their arguments or associated word lists after they are
 expanded and before they are executed.  The value of the @env{PS4}
 variable is expanded and the resultant value is printed before
@@ -4172,7 +4187,7 @@ The return status is always zero unless an invalid option is supplied.
 @section Special Builtins
 @cindex special builtin
 
-For historical reasons, the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard has classified
+For historical reasons, the @sc{posix} standard has classified
 several builtin commands as @emph{special}.
 When Bash is executing in @sc{posix} mode, the special builtins
 differ from other builtin commands in three respects:
@@ -4414,6 +4429,8 @@ even if it is subsequently reset.
 @item COMP_WORDS
 An array variable consisting of the individual
 words in the current command line.
+The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
+separate them.
 This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
 programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
 
@@ -4525,7 +4542,8 @@ default value is @file{~/.bash_history}.
 @item HISTFILESIZE
 The maximum number of lines contained in the history file.  When this
 variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
-necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines.
+necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
+to contain no more than that number of lines.
 The history file is also truncated to this size after
 writing it when an interactive shell exits.
 The default value is 500.
@@ -4875,7 +4893,7 @@ invoked as @code{sh}.
 
 @item --posix
 Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
-from the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard to match the standard.  This
+from the @sc{posix} standard to match the standard.  This
 is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
 standard.  @xref{Bash POSIX Mode}, for a description of the Bash
 @sc{posix} mode.
@@ -5888,7 +5906,7 @@ the shell spawned to execute the script.
 
 Starting Bash with the @option{--posix} command-line option or executing
 @samp{set -o posix} while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more
-closely to the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard by changing the behavior to
+closely to the @sc{posix} standard by changing the behavior to
 match that specified by @sc{posix} in areas where the Bash default differs.
 
 When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after reading the
@@ -5921,13 +5939,13 @@ Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized
 do not undergo alias expansion.
 
 @item
-The @sc{posix} 1003.2 @env{PS1} and @env{PS2} expansions of @samp{!} to
+The @sc{posix} @env{PS1} and @env{PS2} expansions of @samp{!} to
 the history number and @samp{!!} to @samp{!} are enabled,
 and parameter expansion is performed on the values of @env{PS1} and
 @env{PS2} regardless of the setting of the @code{promptvars} option.
 
 @item
-The @sc{posix} 1003.2 startup files are executed (@env{$ENV}) rather than
+The @sc{posix} startup files are executed (@env{$ENV}) rather than
 the normal Bash files.
 
 @item
@@ -5969,13 +5987,13 @@ may not start with a digit.  Declaring a function with an invalid name
 causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
 
 @item
-@sc{posix} 1003.2 special builtins are found before shell functions
+@sc{posix} special builtins are found before shell functions
 during command lookup.
 
 @item
-If a @sc{posix} 1003.2 special builtin returns an error status, a
+If a @sc{posix} special builtin returns an error status, a
 non-interactive shell exits.  The fatal errors are those listed in
-the POSIX.2 standard, and include things like passing incorrect options,
+the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options,
 redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding
 the command name, and so on.
 
@@ -6003,7 +6021,7 @@ variable in a @code{for} statement or the selection variable in a
 Process substitution is not available.
 
 @item
-Assignment statements preceding @sc{posix} 1003.2 special builtins
+Assignment statements preceding @sc{posix} special builtins
 persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
 
 @item
@@ -6013,7 +6031,7 @@ special builtin command had been executed.
 
 @item
 The @code{export} and @code{readonly} builtin commands display their
-output in the format required by @sc{posix} 1003.2.
+output in the format required by @sc{posix}.
 
 @item
 The @code{trap} builtin displays signal names without the leading
@@ -6092,7 +6110,7 @@ escape characters are converted.
 
 @end enumerate
 
-There is other @sc{posix} 1003.2 behavior that Bash does not implement by
+There is other @sc{posix} behavior that Bash does not implement by
 default even when in @sc{posix} mode.
 Specifically:
 
@@ -6915,7 +6933,7 @@ Please send all reports concerning this manual to
 
 Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and
 variable expansion, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne Shell. 
-Bash uses the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard as the specification of
+Bash uses the @sc{posix} standard as the specification of
 how these features are to be implemented.  There are some
 differences between the traditional Bourne shell and Bash; this
 section quickly details the differences of significance.  A
@@ -7079,7 +7097,7 @@ not all words (@pxref{Word Splitting}).
 This closes a longstanding shell security hole.
 
 @item
-Bash implements the full set of @sc{posix} 1003.2 filename expansion operators,
+Bash implements the full set of @sc{posix} filename expansion operators,
 including @var{character classes}, @var{equivalence classes}, and
 @var{collating symbols} (@pxref{Filename Expansion}).
 
@@ -7364,8 +7382,8 @@ with a @samp{-}.
 
 @item
 The SVR4.2 shell exits a script if any builtin fails; Bash exits
-a script only if one of the @sc{posix} 1003.2 special builtins fails, and
-only for certain failures, as enumerated in the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard.
+a script only if one of the @sc{posix} special builtins fails, and
+only for certain failures, as enumerated in the @sc{posix} standard.
 
 @item 
 The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as @code{jsh}