guile/libguile/numbers.c

/* Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
 * any later version.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this software; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
 * the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
 * Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
 *
 * As a special exception, the Free Software Foundation gives permission
 * for additional uses of the text contained in its release of GUILE.
 *
 * The exception is that, if you link the GUILE library with other files
 * to produce an executable, this does not by itself cause the
 * resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public License.
 * Your use of that executable is in no way restricted on account of
 * linking the GUILE library code into it.
 *
 * This exception does not however invalidate any other reasons why
 * the executable file might be covered by the GNU General Public License.
 *
 * This exception applies only to the code released by the
 * Free Software Foundation under the name GUILE.  If you copy
 * code from other Free Software Foundation releases into a copy of
 * GUILE, as the General Public License permits, the exception does
 * not apply to the code that you add in this way.  To avoid misleading
 * anyone as to the status of such modified files, you must delete
 * this exception notice from them.
 *
 * If you write modifications of your own for GUILE, it is your choice
 * whether to permit this exception to apply to your modifications.
 * If you do not wish that, delete this exception notice.  */

/* Software engineering face-lift by Greg J. Badros, 11-Dec-1999,
   gjb@cs.washington.edu, http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/gjb */



#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "libguile/_scm.h"
#include "libguile/feature.h"
#include "libguile/ports.h"
#include "libguile/root.h"
#include "libguile/smob.h"
#include "libguile/strings.h"

#include "libguile/validate.h"
#include "libguile/numbers.h"



static SCM scm_divbigbig (SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, SCM_BIGDIG *y, scm_sizet ny, int sgn, int modes);
static SCM scm_divbigint (SCM x, long z, int sgn, int mode);


#define DIGITS '0':case '1':case '2':case '3':case '4':\
 case '5':case '6':case '7':case '8':case '9'


#define SCM_SWAP(x,y) do { SCM __t = x; x = y; y = __t; } while (0)


#if (SCM_DEBUG_DEPRECATED == 1)  /* not defined in header yet? */

/* SCM_FLOBUFLEN is the maximum number of characters neccessary for the
 * printed or scm_string representation of an inexact number.
 */
#define SCM_FLOBUFLEN (10+2*(sizeof(double)/sizeof(char)*SCM_CHAR_BIT*3+9)/10)

#endif  /* SCM_DEBUG_DEPRECATED == 1 */


/* IS_INF tests its floating point number for infiniteness
   Dirk:FIXME:: This test does not work if x == 0
 */
#ifndef IS_INF
#define IS_INF(x) ((x) == (x) / 2)
#endif


/* Return true if X is not infinite and is not a NaN
   Dirk:FIXME:: Since IS_INF is broken, this test does not work if x == 0
 */
#ifndef isfinite
#define isfinite(x) (!IS_INF (x) && (x) == (x))
#endif



static SCM abs_most_negative_fixnum;




SCM_DEFINE (scm_exact_p, "exact?", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM x),
	    "Return #t if X is an exact number, #f otherwise.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_exact_p
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL_T;
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL_T;
  } else {
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_odd_p, "odd?", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM n),
	    "Return #t if N is an odd number, #f otherwise.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_odd_p
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (n)) {
    return SCM_BOOL ((4 & SCM_UNPACK (n)) != 0);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (n)) {
    return SCM_BOOL ((1 & SCM_BDIGITS (n) [0]) != 0);
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (1, n);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_even_p, "even?", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM n),
	    "Return #t if N is an even number, #f otherwise.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_even_p
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (n)) {
    return SCM_BOOL ((4 & SCM_UNPACK (n)) == 0);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (n)) {
    return SCM_BOOL ((1 & SCM_BDIGITS (n) [0]) == 0);
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (1, n);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_GPROC (s_abs, "abs", 1, 0, 0, scm_abs, g_abs);

SCM
scm_abs (SCM x)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long int xx = SCM_INUM (x);
    if (xx >= 0) {
      return x;
    } else if (SCM_POSFIXABLE (-xx)) {
      return SCM_MAKINUM (-xx);
    } else {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
      return scm_long2big (-xx);
#else
      scm_num_overflow (s_abs);
#endif
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (!SCM_BIGSIGN (x)) {
      return x;
    } else {
      return scm_copybig (x, 0);
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    return scm_make_real (fabs (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x)));
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_abs, x, 1, s_abs);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC (s_quotient, "quotient", 2, 0, 0, scm_quotient, g_quotient);

SCM
scm_quotient (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long xx = SCM_INUM (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      if (yy == 0) {
	scm_num_overflow (s_quotient);
      } else {
	long z = xx / yy;
	if (SCM_FIXABLE (z)) {
	  return SCM_MAKINUM (z);
	} else {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
	  return scm_long2big (z);
#else
	  scm_num_overflow (s_quotient);
#endif
	}
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      if (SCM_INUM (x) == SCM_MOST_NEGATIVE_FIXNUM
	  && scm_bigcomp (abs_most_negative_fixnum, y) == 0)
	{
	  /* Special case:  x == fixnum-min && y == abs (fixnum-min) */
	  return SCM_MAKINUM (-1);
	}
      else
	return SCM_MAKINUM (0);
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_quotient, x, y, SCM_ARG2, s_quotient);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      if (yy == 0) {
	scm_num_overflow (s_quotient);
      } else if (yy == 1) {
	return x;
      } else {
	long z = yy < 0 ? -yy : yy;
	
	if (z < SCM_BIGRAD) {
	  SCM sw = scm_copybig (x, SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ? (yy > 0) : (yy < 0));
	  scm_divbigdig (SCM_BDIGITS (sw), SCM_NUMDIGS (sw), (SCM_BIGDIG) z);
	  return scm_normbig (sw);
	} else {
#ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
	  long w = scm_pseudolong (z);
	  return scm_divbigbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
				(SCM_BIGDIG *) & w, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
				SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ? (yy > 0) : (yy < 0), 2);
#else
	  SCM_BIGDIG zdigs[SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
	  scm_longdigs (z, zdigs);
	  return scm_divbigbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
				zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
				SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ? (yy > 0) : (yy < 0), 2);
#endif
	}
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_divbigbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
			    SCM_BDIGITS (y), SCM_NUMDIGS (y),
			    SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ^ SCM_BIGSIGN (y), 2);
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_quotient, x, y, SCM_ARG2, s_quotient);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_quotient, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_quotient);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC (s_remainder, "remainder", 2, 0, 0, scm_remainder, g_remainder);

SCM
scm_remainder (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      if (yy == 0) {
	scm_num_overflow (s_remainder);
      } else {
	long z = SCM_INUM (x) % yy;
	return SCM_MAKINUM (z);
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      if (SCM_INUM (x) == SCM_MOST_NEGATIVE_FIXNUM
	  && scm_bigcomp (abs_most_negative_fixnum, y) == 0)
	{
	  /* Special case:  x == fixnum-min && y == abs (fixnum-min) */
	  return SCM_MAKINUM (0);
	}
      else
	return x;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_remainder, x, y, SCM_ARG2, s_remainder);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      if (yy == 0) {
	scm_num_overflow (s_remainder);
      } else {
	return scm_divbigint (x, yy, SCM_BIGSIGN (x), 0);
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_divbigbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
			    SCM_BDIGITS (y), SCM_NUMDIGS (y),
			    SCM_BIGSIGN (x), 0);
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_remainder, x, y, SCM_ARG2, s_remainder);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_remainder, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_remainder);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC (s_modulo, "modulo", 2, 0, 0, scm_modulo, g_modulo);

SCM
scm_modulo (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long xx = SCM_INUM (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      if (yy == 0) {
	scm_num_overflow (s_modulo);
      } else {
	long z = xx % yy;
	return SCM_MAKINUM (((yy < 0) ? (z > 0) : (z < 0)) ? z + yy : z);
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return (SCM_BIGSIGN (y) ? (xx > 0) : (xx < 0)) ? scm_sum (x, y) : x;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_modulo, x, y, SCM_ARG2, s_modulo);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      if (yy == 0) {
	scm_num_overflow (s_modulo);
      } else {
	return scm_divbigint (x, yy, yy < 0,
			      (SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ? (yy > 0) : (yy < 0)) ? 1 : 0);
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_divbigbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
			    SCM_BDIGITS (y), SCM_NUMDIGS (y),
			    SCM_BIGSIGN (y),
			    (SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ^ SCM_BIGSIGN (y)) ? 1 : 0);
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_modulo, x, y, SCM_ARG2, s_modulo);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_modulo, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_modulo);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_gcd, "gcd", scm_tc7_asubr, scm_gcd, g_gcd);

SCM
scm_gcd (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (y)) {
    if (SCM_UNBNDP (x)) {
      return SCM_INUM0;
    } else {
      return x;
    }
  }

 tailrec:
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long xx = SCM_INUM (x);
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      long u = xx < 0 ? -xx : xx;
      long v = yy < 0 ? -yy : yy;
      long result;

      if (xx == 0) {
	result = v;
      } else if (yy == 0) {
	result = u;
      } else {
	int k = 1;
	long t;

	/* Determine a common factor 2^k */
	while (!(1 & (u | v))) {
	  k <<= 1;
	  u >>= 1;
	  v >>= 1;
	}

	/* Now, any factor 2^n can be eliminated */
	if (u & 1) {
	  t = -v;
	} else {
	  t = u;
	b3:
	  t = SCM_SRS (t, 1);
	}
	if (!(1 & t))
	  goto b3;
	if (t > 0)
	  u = t;
	else
	  v = -t;
	t = u - v;
	if (t != 0)
	  goto b3;

	result = u * k;
      }
      if (SCM_POSFIXABLE (result)) {
	return SCM_MAKINUM (result);
      } else {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
	return scm_long2big (result);
#else
	scm_num_overflow (s_gcd);
#endif
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      SCM_SWAP (x, y);
      goto big_gcd;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_gcd, x, y, SCM_ARG2, s_gcd);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
  big_gcd:
    if (SCM_BIGSIGN (x))
      x = scm_copybig (x, 0);
  newy:
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      if (SCM_EQ_P (y, SCM_INUM0)) {
	return x;
      } else {
	goto swaprec;
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      if (SCM_BIGSIGN (y))
	y = scm_copybig (y, 0);
      switch (scm_bigcomp (x, y))
	{
	case -1:  /* x > y */
	swaprec:
	{
	  SCM t = scm_remainder (x, y);
	  x = y;
	  y = t;
	}
	goto tailrec;
	case 1:  /* x < y */
	  y = scm_remainder (y, x);
	  goto newy;
	default:  /* x == y */
	  return x;
	}
      /* instead of the switch, we could just
	 return scm_gcd (y, scm_modulo (x, y)); */
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_gcd, x, y, SCM_ARG2, s_gcd);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_gcd, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_gcd);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_lcm, "lcm", scm_tc7_asubr, scm_lcm, g_lcm);

SCM
scm_lcm (SCM n1, SCM n2)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (n2)) {
    if (SCM_UNBNDP (n1)) {
      return SCM_MAKINUM (1L);
    } else {
      n2 = SCM_MAKINUM (1L);
    }
  };

#ifndef SCM_BIGDIG
  SCM_GASSERT2 (SCM_INUMP (n1), g_lcm, n1, n2, SCM_ARG1, s_lcm);
  SCM_GASSERT2 (SCM_INUMP (n2), g_lcm, n1, n2, SCM_ARGn, s_lcm);
#else
  SCM_GASSERT2 (SCM_INUMP (n1) || SCM_BIGP (n1),
		g_lcm, n1, n2, SCM_ARG1, s_lcm);
  SCM_GASSERT2 (SCM_INUMP (n2) || SCM_BIGP (n2),
		g_lcm, n1, n2, SCM_ARGn, s_lcm);
#endif

  {
    SCM d = scm_gcd (n1, n2);
    if (SCM_EQ_P (d, SCM_INUM0)) {
      return d;
    } else {
      return scm_abs (scm_product (n1, scm_quotient (n2, d)));
    }
  }
}


#ifndef scm_long2num
#define SCM_LOGOP_RETURN(x) scm_ulong2num(x)
#else
#define SCM_LOGOP_RETURN(x) SCM_MAKINUM(x)
#endif


/* Emulating 2's complement bignums with sign magnitude arithmetic:

   Logand:
   X	Y	Result	Method:
		 (len)
   +	+	+ x	(map digit:logand X Y)
   +	-	+ x	(map digit:logand X (lognot (+ -1 Y)))
   -	+	+ y	(map digit:logand (lognot (+ -1 X)) Y)
   -	-	-	(+ 1 (map digit:logior (+ -1 X) (+ -1 Y)))

   Logior:
   X	Y	Result	Method:

   +	+	+	(map digit:logior X Y)
   +	-	- y	(+ 1 (map digit:logand (lognot X) (+ -1 Y)))
   -	+	- x	(+ 1 (map digit:logand (+ -1 X) (lognot Y)))
   -	-	- x	(+ 1 (map digit:logand (+ -1 X) (+ -1 Y)))

   Logxor:
   X	Y	Result	Method:

   +	+	+	(map digit:logxor X Y)
   +	-	-	(+ 1 (map digit:logxor X (+ -1 Y)))
   -	+	-	(+ 1 (map digit:logxor (+ -1 X) Y))
   -	-	+	(map digit:logxor (+ -1 X) (+ -1 Y))

   Logtest:
   X	Y	Result

   +	+	(any digit:logand X Y)
   +	-	(any digit:logand X (lognot (+ -1 Y)))
   -	+	(any digit:logand (lognot (+ -1 X)) Y)
   -	-	#t

*/

#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG

SCM scm_copy_big_dec(SCM b, int sign);
SCM scm_copy_smaller(SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int zsgn);
SCM scm_big_ior(SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int xsgn, SCM bigy);
SCM scm_big_xor(SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int xsgn, SCM bigy);
SCM scm_big_and(SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int xsgn, SCM bigy, int zsgn);
SCM scm_big_test(SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int xsgn, SCM bigy);

SCM scm_copy_big_dec(SCM b, int sign)
{
  long num = -1;
  scm_sizet nx = SCM_NUMDIGS(b);
  scm_sizet i = 0;
  SCM ans = scm_mkbig(nx, sign);
  SCM_BIGDIG *src = SCM_BDIGITS(b), *dst = SCM_BDIGITS(ans);
  if SCM_BIGSIGN(b) do {
    num += src[i];
    if (num < 0) {dst[i] = num + SCM_BIGRAD; num = -1;}
    else {dst[i] = SCM_BIGLO(num); num = 0;}
  } while (++i < nx);
  else
    while (nx--) dst[nx] = src[nx];
  return ans;
}

SCM scm_copy_smaller(SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int zsgn)
{
  long num = -1;
  scm_sizet i = 0;
  SCM z = scm_mkbig(nx, zsgn);
  SCM_BIGDIG *zds = SCM_BDIGITS(z);
  if (zsgn) do {
    num += x[i];
    if (num < 0) {zds[i] = num + SCM_BIGRAD; num = -1;}
    else {zds[i] = SCM_BIGLO(num); num = 0;}
  } while (++i < nx);
  else do zds[i] = x[i]; while (++i < nx);
  return z;
}

SCM scm_big_ior(SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int xsgn, SCM bigy)
/* Assumes nx <= SCM_NUMDIGS(bigy) */
/* Assumes xsgn equals either 0 or SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG */
{
  long num = -1;
  scm_sizet i = 0, ny = SCM_NUMDIGS(bigy);
  SCM z = scm_copy_big_dec (bigy, xsgn & SCM_BIGSIGN (bigy));
  SCM_BIGDIG *zds = SCM_BDIGITS(z);
  if (xsgn) {
    do {
      num += x[i];
      if (num < 0) {zds[i] |= num + SCM_BIGRAD; num = -1;}
      else {zds[i] |= SCM_BIGLO(num); num = 0;}
    } while (++i < nx);
    /* =========  Need to increment zds now =========== */
    i = 0; num = 1;
    while (i < ny) {
      num += zds[i];
      zds[i++] = SCM_BIGLO(num);
      num = SCM_BIGDN(num);
      if (!num) return z;
    }
    scm_adjbig(z, 1 + ny);		/* OOPS, overflowed into next digit. */
    SCM_BDIGITS(z)[ny] = 1;
    return z;
  }
  else do zds[i] = zds[i] | x[i]; while (++i < nx);
  return z;
}

SCM scm_big_xor(SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int xsgn, SCM bigy)
/* Assumes nx <= SCM_NUMDIGS(bigy) */
/* Assumes xsgn equals either 0 or SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG */
{
  long num = -1;
  scm_sizet i = 0, ny = SCM_NUMDIGS(bigy);
  SCM z = scm_copy_big_dec(bigy, xsgn ^ SCM_BIGSIGN(bigy));
  SCM_BIGDIG *zds = SCM_BDIGITS(z);
  if (xsgn) do {
    num += x[i];
    if (num < 0) {zds[i] ^= num + SCM_BIGRAD; num = -1;}
    else {zds[i] ^= SCM_BIGLO(num); num = 0;}
  } while (++i < nx);
  else do {
    zds[i] = zds[i] ^ x[i];
  } while (++i < nx);

  if (xsgn ^ SCM_BIGSIGN(bigy)) {
    /* =========  Need to increment zds now =========== */
    i = 0; num = 1;
    while (i < ny) {
      num += zds[i];
      zds[i++] = SCM_BIGLO(num);
      num = SCM_BIGDN(num);
      if (!num) return scm_normbig(z);
    }
  }
  return scm_normbig(z);
}

SCM scm_big_and(SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int xsgn, SCM bigy, int zsgn)
/* Assumes nx <= SCM_NUMDIGS(bigy) */
/* Assumes xsgn equals either 0 or SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG */
/* return sign equals either 0 or SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG */
{
  long num = -1;
  scm_sizet i = 0;
  SCM z;
  SCM_BIGDIG *zds;
  if (xsgn==zsgn) {
    z = scm_copy_smaller(x, nx, zsgn);
    x = SCM_BDIGITS(bigy);
    xsgn = SCM_BIGSIGN(bigy);
  }
  else z = scm_copy_big_dec(bigy, zsgn);
  zds = SCM_BDIGITS(z);

  if (zsgn) {
    if (xsgn) do {
      num += x[i];
      if (num < 0) {zds[i] &= num + SCM_BIGRAD; num = -1;}
      else {zds[i] &= SCM_BIGLO(num); num = 0;}
    } while (++i < nx);
    else do zds[i] = zds[i] & ~x[i]; while (++i < nx);
    /* =========  need to increment zds now =========== */
    i = 0; num = 1;
    while (i < nx) {
      num += zds[i];
      zds[i++] = SCM_BIGLO(num);
      num = SCM_BIGDN(num);
      if (!num) return scm_normbig(z);
    }
  }
  else if (xsgn) {
    unsigned long int carry = 1;
    do {
      unsigned long int mask = (SCM_BIGDIG) ~x[i] + carry;
      zds[i] = zds[i] & (SCM_BIGDIG) mask;
      carry = (mask >= SCM_BIGRAD) ? 1 : 0;
    } while (++i < nx);
  } else do zds[i] = zds[i] & x[i]; while (++i < nx);
  return scm_normbig(z);
}

SCM scm_big_test(SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int xsgn, SCM bigy)
/* Assumes nx <= SCM_NUMDIGS(bigy) */
/* Assumes xsgn equals either 0 or SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG */
{
  SCM_BIGDIG *y;
  scm_sizet i = 0;
  long num = -1;
  if (SCM_BIGSIGN(bigy) & xsgn) return SCM_BOOL_T;
  if (SCM_NUMDIGS(bigy) != nx && xsgn) return SCM_BOOL_T;
  y = SCM_BDIGITS(bigy);
  if (xsgn)
    do {
      num += x[i];
      if (num < 0) {
	if (y[i] & ~(num + SCM_BIGRAD)) return SCM_BOOL_T;
	num = -1;
      }
      else {
	if (y[i] & ~SCM_BIGLO(num)) return SCM_BOOL_T;
	num = 0;
      }
    } while (++i < nx);
  else if SCM_BIGSIGN(bigy)
    do {
      num += y[i];
      if (num < 0) {
	if (x[i] & ~(num + SCM_BIGRAD)) return SCM_BOOL_T;
	num = -1;
      }
      else {
	if (x[i] & ~SCM_BIGLO(num)) return SCM_BOOL_T;
	num = 0;
      }
    } while (++i < nx);
  else
    do if (x[i] & y[i]) return SCM_BOOL_T;
    while (++i < nx);
  return SCM_BOOL_F;
}

#endif


SCM_DEFINE1 (scm_logand, "logand", scm_tc7_asubr,
             (SCM n1, SCM n2),
	     "Returns the integer which is the bit-wise AND of the two integer\n"
	     "arguments.\n\n"
	     "Example:\n"
	     "@lisp\n"
	     "(number->string (logand #b1100 #b1010) 2)\n"
	     "   @result{} \"1000\"\n"
	     "@end lisp")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_logand
{
  long int nn1;

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (n2)) {
    if (SCM_UNBNDP (n1)) {
      return SCM_MAKINUM (-1);
    } else if (!SCM_NUMBERP (n1)) {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n1);
#ifndef SCM_RECKLESS
    } else if (SCM_NUMBERP (n1)) {
      return n1;
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n1);
#else
    } else {
      return n1;
#endif
    }
  }

  if (SCM_INUMP (n1)) {
    nn1 = SCM_INUM (n1);
    if (SCM_INUMP (n2)) {
      long nn2 = SCM_INUM (n2);
      return SCM_MAKINUM (nn1 & nn2);
    } else if SCM_BIGP (n2) {
    intbig: 
      {
# ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
	long z = scm_pseudolong (nn1);
	if ((nn1 < 0) && SCM_BIGSIGN (n2)) {
	  return scm_big_ior ((SCM_BIGDIG *) & z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			      SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG, n2);
	} else {
	  return scm_big_and ((SCM_BIGDIG *) & z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			      (nn1 < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, n2, 0);
	}
# else
	SCM_BIGDIG zdigs [SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
	scm_longdigs (nn1, zdigs);
	if ((nn1 < 0) && SCM_BIGSIGN (n2)) {
	  return scm_big_ior (zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG, n2);
	} else {
	  return scm_big_and (zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			      (nn1 < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, n2, 0);
	}
# endif
      }
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG2, n2);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (n1)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (n2)) {
      SCM_SWAP (n1, n2);
      nn1 = SCM_INUM (n1);
      goto intbig;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (n2)) {
      if (SCM_NUMDIGS (n1) > SCM_NUMDIGS (n2)) {
	SCM_SWAP (n1, n2);
      };
      if ((SCM_BIGSIGN (n1)) && SCM_BIGSIGN (n2)) {
	return scm_big_ior (SCM_BDIGITS (n1), SCM_NUMDIGS (n1),
			    SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG, n2);
      } else {
	return scm_big_and (SCM_BDIGITS (n1), SCM_NUMDIGS (n1),
			    SCM_BIGSIGN (n1), n2, 0);
      }
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG2, n2);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n1);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE1 (scm_logior, "logior", scm_tc7_asubr,
             (SCM n1, SCM n2),
	     "Returns the integer which is the bit-wise OR of the two integer\n"
	     "arguments.\n\n"
	     "Example:\n"
	     "@lisp\n"
	     "(number->string (logior #b1100 #b1010) 2)\n"
	     "   @result{} \"1110\"\n"
	     "@end lisp")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_logior
{
  long int nn1;

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (n2)) {
    if (SCM_UNBNDP (n1)) {
      return SCM_INUM0;
#ifndef SCM_RECKLESS
    } else if (SCM_NUMBERP (n1)) {
      return n1;
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n1);
#else
    } else {
      return n1;
#endif
    }
  }

  if (SCM_INUMP (n1)) {
    nn1 = SCM_INUM (n1);
    if (SCM_INUMP (n2)) {
      long nn2 = SCM_INUM (n2);
      return SCM_MAKINUM (nn1 | nn2);
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (n2)) {
    intbig:
      {
# ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
	long z = scm_pseudolong (nn1);
	if ((!(nn1 < 0)) && !SCM_BIGSIGN (n2)) {
	  return scm_big_ior ((SCM_BIGDIG *) & z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			      (nn1 < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, n2);
	} else {
	  return scm_big_and ((SCM_BIGDIG *) & z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			      (nn1 < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, n2, SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG);
	}
# else
	SCM_BIGDIG zdigs [SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
	scm_longdigs (nn1, zdigs);
	if ((!(nn1 < 0)) && !SCM_BIGSIGN (n2)) {
	  return scm_big_ior (zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			      (nn1 < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, n2);
	} else {
	  return scm_big_and (zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			      (nn1 < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, n2, SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG);
	}
# endif
      }
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG2, n2);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (n1)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (n2)) {
      SCM_SWAP (n1, n2); 
      nn1 = SCM_INUM (n1);
      goto intbig;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (n2)) {
      if (SCM_NUMDIGS (n1) > SCM_NUMDIGS (n2)) {
	SCM_SWAP (n1, n2);
      };
      if ((!SCM_BIGSIGN (n1)) && !SCM_BIGSIGN (n2)) {
	return scm_big_ior (SCM_BDIGITS (n1), SCM_NUMDIGS (n1), 
			    SCM_BIGSIGN (n1), n2);
      } else {
	return scm_big_and (SCM_BDIGITS (n1), SCM_NUMDIGS (n1), 
			    SCM_BIGSIGN (n1), n2, SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG);
      }
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG2, n2);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n1);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE1 (scm_logxor, "logxor", scm_tc7_asubr,
             (SCM n1, SCM n2),
	     "Returns the integer which is the bit-wise XOR of the two integer\n"
	     "arguments.\n\n"
	     "Example:\n"
	     "@lisp\n"
	     "(number->string (logxor #b1100 #b1010) 2)\n"
	     "   @result{} \"110\"\n"
	     "@end lisp")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_logxor
{
  long int nn1;

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (n2)) {
    if (SCM_UNBNDP (n1)) {
      return SCM_INUM0;
#ifndef SCM_RECKLESS
    } else if (SCM_NUMBERP (n1)) {
      return n1;
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n1);
#else
    } else {
      return n1;
#endif
    }
  }

  if (SCM_INUMP (n1)) {
    nn1 = SCM_INUM (n1);
    if (SCM_INUMP (n2)) {
      long nn2 = SCM_INUM (n2);
      return SCM_MAKINUM (nn1 ^ nn2);
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (n2)) {
    intbig: 
      {
# ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
	long z = scm_pseudolong (nn1);
	return scm_big_xor ((SCM_BIGDIG *) & z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			    (nn1 < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, n2);
# else
	SCM_BIGDIG zdigs [SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
	scm_longdigs (nn1, zdigs);
	return scm_big_xor (zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			    (nn1 < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, n2);
# endif
      }
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG2, n2);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (n1)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (n2)) {
      SCM_SWAP (n1, n2);
      nn1 = SCM_INUM (n1);
      goto intbig;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (n2)) {
      if (SCM_NUMDIGS(n1) > SCM_NUMDIGS(n2)) {
	SCM_SWAP (n1, n2);
      }
      return scm_big_xor (SCM_BDIGITS (n1), SCM_NUMDIGS (n1), 
			  SCM_BIGSIGN (n1), n2);
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG2, n2);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n1);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_logtest, "logtest", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM n1, SCM n2),
	    "@example\n"
	    "(logtest j k) @equiv{} (not (zero? (logand j k)))\n\n"
	    "(logtest #b0100 #b1011) @result{} #f\n"
	    "(logtest #b0100 #b0111) @result{} #t\n"
	    "@end example")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_logtest
{
  long int nn1;

  if (SCM_INUMP (n1)) {
    nn1 = SCM_INUM (n1);
    if (SCM_INUMP (n2)) {
      long nn2 = SCM_INUM (n2);
      return SCM_BOOL (nn1 & nn2);
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (n2)) {
    intbig: 
      {
# ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
	long z = scm_pseudolong (nn1);
	return scm_big_test ((SCM_BIGDIG *)&z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			     (nn1 < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, n2);
# else
	SCM_BIGDIG zdigs [SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
	scm_longdigs (nn1, zdigs);
	return scm_big_test (zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			     (nn1 < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, n2);
# endif
      }
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG2, n2);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (n1)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (n2)) {
      SCM_SWAP (n1, n2);
      nn1 = SCM_INUM (n1);
      goto intbig;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (n2)) {
      if (SCM_NUMDIGS (n1) > SCM_NUMDIGS (n2)) {
	SCM_SWAP (n1, n2);
      }
      return scm_big_test (SCM_BDIGITS (n1), SCM_NUMDIGS (n1), 
			   SCM_BIGSIGN (n1), n2);
    } else {
      SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG2, n2);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n1);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_logbit_p, "logbit?", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM index, SCM j),
	    "@example\n"
	    "(logbit? index j) @equiv{} (logtest (integer-expt 2 index) j)\n\n"
	    "(logbit? 0 #b1101) @result{} #t\n"
	    "(logbit? 1 #b1101) @result{} #f\n"
	    "(logbit? 2 #b1101) @result{} #t\n"
	    "(logbit? 3 #b1101) @result{} #t\n"
	    "(logbit? 4 #b1101) @result{} #f\n"
	    "@end example")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_logbit_p
{
  unsigned long int iindex;

  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM_MIN (SCM_ARG1, index, 0);
  iindex = (unsigned long int) SCM_INUM (index);

  if (SCM_INUMP (j)) {
    return SCM_BOOL ((1L << iindex) & SCM_INUM (j));
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (j)) {
    if (SCM_NUMDIGS (j) * SCM_BITSPERDIG < iindex) {
      return SCM_BOOL_F;
    } else if (SCM_BIGSIGN (j)) {
      long num = -1;
      scm_sizet i = 0;
      SCM_BIGDIG * x = SCM_BDIGITS (j);
      scm_sizet nx = iindex / SCM_BITSPERDIG;
      while (1) {
	num += x[i];
	if (nx == i++) {
	  return SCM_BOOL (((1L << (iindex % SCM_BITSPERDIG)) & num) == 0);
	} else if (num < 0) {
	  num = -1;
	} else {
	  num = 0;
	}
      }
    } else {
      return SCM_BOOL (SCM_BDIGITS (j) [iindex / SCM_BITSPERDIG]
		       & (1L << (iindex % SCM_BITSPERDIG)));
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG2, j);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_lognot, "lognot", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM n),
	    "Returns the integer which is the 2s-complement of the integer argument.\n\n"
	    "Example:\n"
	    "@lisp\n"
	    "(number->string (lognot #b10000000) 2)\n"
	    "   @result{} \"-10000001\"\n"
	    "(number->string (lognot #b0) 2)\n"
	    "   @result{} \"-1\"\n"
	    "@end lisp\n")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_lognot
{
  return scm_difference (SCM_MAKINUM (-1L), n);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_integer_expt, "integer-expt", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM n, SCM k),
	    "Returns @var{n} raised to the non-negative integer exponent @var{k}.\n\n"
	    "Example:\n"
	    "@lisp\n"
	    "(integer-expt 2 5)\n"
	    "   @result{} 32\n"
	    "(integer-expt -3 3)\n"
	    "   @result{} -27\n"
	    "@end lisp")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_integer_expt
{
  SCM acc = SCM_MAKINUM (1L);
  int i2;
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
  if (SCM_EQ_P (n, SCM_INUM0) || SCM_EQ_P (n, acc))
    return n;
  else if (SCM_EQ_P (n, SCM_MAKINUM (-1L)))
    return SCM_FALSEP (scm_even_p (k)) ? n : acc;
#endif
  SCM_VALIDATE_ULONG_COPY (2,k,i2);
  if (i2 < 0)
    {
      i2 = -i2;
      n = scm_divide (n, SCM_UNDEFINED);
    }
  while (1)
    {
      if (0 == i2)
	return acc;
      if (1 == i2)
	return scm_product (acc, n);
      if (i2 & 1)
	acc = scm_product (acc, n);
      n = scm_product (n, n);
      i2 >>= 1;
    }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_ash, "ash", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM n, SCM cnt),
	    "The function ash performs an arithmetic shift left by CNT bits\n"
	    "(or shift right, if CNT is negative).  'Arithmetic' means, that\n"
	    "the function does not guarantee to keep the bit structure of N,\n"
	    "but rather guarantees that the result will always be rounded\n"
	    "towards minus infinity.  Therefore, the results of ash and a\n"
	    "corresponding bitwise shift will differ if N is negative.\n\n"
	    "Formally, the function returns an integer equivalent to\n"
	    "@code{(inexact->exact (floor (* N (expt 2 CNT))))}.@refill\n\n"
	    "Example:\n"
	    "@lisp\n"
	    "(number->string (ash #b1 3) 2)\n"
	    "   @result{} \"1000\"\n"
	    "(number->string (ash #b1010 -1) 2)\n"
	    "   @result{} \"101\"\n"
	    "@end lisp")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_ash
{
  long bits_to_shift;

#ifndef SCM_BIGDIG
  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM (1, n)
#endif
  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM (2, cnt);

  bits_to_shift = SCM_INUM (cnt);
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
  if (bits_to_shift < 0) {
    /* Shift right by abs(cnt) bits.  This is realized as a division by
       div:=2^abs(cnt).  However, to guarantee the floor rounding, negative
       values require some special treatment.
     */
    SCM div = scm_integer_expt (SCM_MAKINUM (2), SCM_MAKINUM (-bits_to_shift));
    if (SCM_FALSEP (scm_negative_p (n)))
      return scm_quotient (n, div);
    else
      return scm_sum (SCM_MAKINUM (-1L),
		      scm_quotient (scm_sum (SCM_MAKINUM (1L), n), div));
  } else
    /* Shift left is done by multiplication with 2^CNT */
    return scm_product (n, scm_integer_expt (SCM_MAKINUM (2), cnt));
#else
  if (bits_to_shift < 0)
    /* Signed right shift (SCM_SRS does it right) by abs(cnt) bits. */
    return SCM_MAKINUM (SCM_SRS (SCM_INUM (n), -bits_to_shift));
  else {
    /* Shift left, but make sure not to leave the range of inums */
    SCM res = SCM_MAKINUM (SCM_INUM (n) << cnt);
    if (SCM_INUM (res) >> cnt != SCM_INUM (n))
      scm_num_overflow (FUNC_NAME);
    return res;
  }
#endif
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_bit_extract, "bit-extract", 3, 0, 0,
            (SCM n, SCM start, SCM end),
	    "Returns the integer composed of the @var{start} (inclusive) through\n"
	    "@var{end} (exclusive) bits of @var{n}.  The @var{start}th bit becomes\n"
	    "the 0-th bit in the result.@refill\n\n"
	    "Example:\n"
	    "@lisp\n"
	    "(number->string (bit-extract #b1101101010 0 4) 2)\n"
	    "   @result{} \"1010\"\n"
	    "(number->string (bit-extract #b1101101010 4 9) 2)\n"
	    "   @result{} \"10110\"\n"
	    "@end lisp")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_bit_extract
{
  unsigned long int istart, iend;
  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM_MIN_COPY (2,start,0,istart);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM_MIN_COPY (3, end, 0, iend);
  SCM_ASSERT_RANGE (3, end, (iend >= istart));

  if (SCM_INUMP (n)) {
    long int in = SCM_INUM (n);
    unsigned long int bits = iend - istart;

    if (in < 0 && bits >= SCM_FIXNUM_BIT)
      {
	/* Since we emulate two's complement encoded numbers, this special
	 * case requires us to produce a result that has more bits than can be
	 * stored in a fixnum.  Thus, we fall back to the more general
	 * algorithm that is used for bignums.  
	 */
	goto generalcase;
      }

    if (istart < SCM_FIXNUM_BIT)
      {
	in = in >> istart;
	if (bits < SCM_FIXNUM_BIT)
	  return SCM_MAKINUM (in & ((1L << bits) - 1));
	else /* we know: in >= 0 */
	  return SCM_MAKINUM (in);
      }
    else if (in < 0)
      {
	return SCM_MAKINUM (-1L & ((1L << bits) - 1));
      }
    else
      {
	return SCM_MAKINUM (0);
      }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (n)) {
  generalcase:
    {
      SCM num1 = SCM_MAKINUM (1L);
      SCM num2 = SCM_MAKINUM (2L);
      SCM bits = SCM_MAKINUM (iend - istart);
      SCM mask  = scm_difference (scm_integer_expt (num2, bits), num1);
      return scm_logand (mask, scm_ash (n, SCM_MAKINUM (-istart)));
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


static const char scm_logtab[] = {
  0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4
};

SCM_DEFINE (scm_logcount, "logcount", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM n),
	    "Returns the number of bits in integer @var{n}.  If integer is positive,\n"
	    "the 1-bits in its binary representation are counted.  If negative, the\n"
	    "0-bits in its two's-complement binary representation are counted.  If 0,\n"
	    "0 is returned.\n\n"
	    "Example:\n"
	    "@lisp\n"
	    "(logcount #b10101010)\n"
	    "   @result{} 4\n"
	    "(logcount 0)\n"
	    "   @result{} 0\n"
	    "(logcount -2)\n"
	    "   @result{} 1\n"
	    "@end lisp")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_logcount
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (n)) {
    unsigned long int c = 0;
    long int nn = SCM_INUM (n);
    if (nn < 0) {
      nn = -1 - nn;
    };
    while (nn) {
      c += scm_logtab[15 & nn];
      nn >>= 4;
    };
    return SCM_MAKINUM (c);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (n)) {
    if (SCM_BIGSIGN (n)) {
      return scm_logcount (scm_difference (SCM_MAKINUM (-1L), n));
    } else {
      unsigned long int c = 0;
      scm_sizet i = SCM_NUMDIGS (n);
      SCM_BIGDIG * ds = SCM_BDIGITS (n);
      while (i--) {
	SCM_BIGDIG d;
	for (d = ds[i]; d; d >>= 4) {
	  c += scm_logtab[15 & d];
	}
      }
      return SCM_MAKINUM (c);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


static const char scm_ilentab[] = {
  0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4
};

SCM_DEFINE (scm_integer_length, "integer-length", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM n),
	    "Returns the number of bits neccessary to represent @var{n}.\n\n"
	    "Example:\n"
	    "@lisp\n"
	    "(integer-length #b10101010)\n"
	    "   @result{} 8\n"
	    "(integer-length 0)\n"
	    "   @result{} 0\n"
	    "(integer-length #b1111)\n"
	    "   @result{} 4\n"
	    "@end lisp")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_integer_length
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (n)) {
    unsigned long int c = 0;
    unsigned int l = 4;
    long int nn = SCM_INUM (n);
    if (nn < 0) {
      nn = -1 - nn;
    };
    while (nn) {
      c += 4;
      l = scm_ilentab [15 & nn];
      nn >>= 4;
    };
    return SCM_MAKINUM (c - 4 + l);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (n)) {
    if (SCM_BIGSIGN (n)) {
      return scm_integer_length (scm_difference (SCM_MAKINUM (-1L), n));
    } else {
      unsigned long int digs = SCM_NUMDIGS (n) - 1;
      unsigned long int c = digs * SCM_BITSPERDIG;
      unsigned int l = 4;
      SCM_BIGDIG * ds = SCM_BDIGITS (n);
      SCM_BIGDIG d = ds [digs];
      while (d) {
	c += 4;
	l = scm_ilentab [15 & d];
	d >>= 4;
      };
      return SCM_MAKINUM (c - 4 + l);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARG1, n);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
static const char s_bignum[] = "bignum";

SCM
scm_mkbig (scm_sizet nlen, int sign)
{
  SCM v;
  /* Cast to long int to avoid signed/unsigned comparison warnings.  */
  if ((( ((long int) nlen) << SCM_BIGSIZEFIELD) >> SCM_BIGSIZEFIELD)
      != (long int) nlen)
    scm_memory_error (s_bignum);
  
  SCM_NEWCELL (v);
  SCM_DEFER_INTS;
  SCM_SET_BIGNUM_BASE (v, scm_must_malloc (nlen * sizeof (SCM_BIGDIG), s_bignum));
  SCM_SETNUMDIGS (v, nlen, sign);
  SCM_ALLOW_INTS;
  return v;
}


SCM
scm_big2inum (SCM b, scm_sizet l)
{
  unsigned long num = 0;
  SCM_BIGDIG *tmp = SCM_BDIGITS (b);
  while (l--)
    num = SCM_BIGUP (num) + tmp[l];
  if (!SCM_BIGSIGN (b))
    {
      if (SCM_POSFIXABLE (num))
	return SCM_MAKINUM (num);
    }
  else if (num <= -SCM_MOST_NEGATIVE_FIXNUM)
    return SCM_MAKINUM (-num);
  return b;
}


static const char s_adjbig[] = "scm_adjbig";

SCM
scm_adjbig (SCM b, scm_sizet nlen)
{
  scm_sizet nsiz = nlen;
  if (((nsiz << SCM_BIGSIZEFIELD) >> SCM_BIGSIZEFIELD) != nlen)
    scm_memory_error (s_adjbig);

  SCM_DEFER_INTS;
  {
    SCM_BIGDIG *digits
      = ((SCM_BIGDIG *)
	 scm_must_realloc ((char *) SCM_BDIGITS (b),
			   (long) (SCM_NUMDIGS (b) * sizeof (SCM_BIGDIG)),
			   (long) (nsiz * sizeof (SCM_BIGDIG)), s_bignum));

    SCM_SET_BIGNUM_BASE (b, digits);
    SCM_SETNUMDIGS (b, nsiz, SCM_BIGSIGN (b));
  }
  SCM_ALLOW_INTS;
  return b;
}



SCM
scm_normbig (SCM b)
{
#ifndef _UNICOS
  scm_sizet nlen = SCM_NUMDIGS (b);
#else
  int nlen = SCM_NUMDIGS (b); /* unsigned nlen breaks on Cray when nlen => 0 */
#endif
  SCM_BIGDIG *zds = SCM_BDIGITS (b);
  while (nlen-- && !zds[nlen]);
  nlen++;
  if (nlen * SCM_BITSPERDIG / SCM_CHAR_BIT <= sizeof (SCM))
    if (SCM_INUMP (b = scm_big2inum (b, (scm_sizet) nlen)))
      return b;
  if (SCM_NUMDIGS (b) == nlen)
    return b;
  return scm_adjbig (b, (scm_sizet) nlen);
}



SCM
scm_copybig (SCM b, int sign)
{
  scm_sizet i = SCM_NUMDIGS (b);
  SCM ans = scm_mkbig (i, sign);
  SCM_BIGDIG *src = SCM_BDIGITS (b), *dst = SCM_BDIGITS (ans);
  while (i--)
    dst[i] = src[i];
  return ans;
}



SCM
scm_long2big (long n)
{
  scm_sizet i = 0;
  SCM_BIGDIG *digits;
  SCM ans = scm_mkbig (SCM_DIGSPERLONG, n < 0);
  digits = SCM_BDIGITS (ans);
  if (n < 0)
    n = -n;
  while (i < SCM_DIGSPERLONG)
    {
      digits[i++] = SCM_BIGLO (n);
      n = SCM_BIGDN ((unsigned long) n);
    }
  return ans;
}

#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONGS

SCM
scm_long_long2big (long_long n)
{
  scm_sizet i;
  SCM_BIGDIG *digits;
  SCM ans;
  int n_digits;

  {
    long tn;
    tn = (long) n;
    if ((long long) tn == n)
      return scm_long2big (tn);
  }

  {
    long_long tn;

    for (tn = n, n_digits = 0;
	 tn;
	 ++n_digits, tn = SCM_BIGDN ((ulong_long) tn))
      ;
  }

  i = 0;
  ans = scm_mkbig (n_digits, n < 0);
  digits = SCM_BDIGITS (ans);
  if (n < 0)
    n = -n;
  while (i < n_digits)
    {
      digits[i++] = SCM_BIGLO (n);
      n = SCM_BIGDN ((ulong_long) n);
    }
  return ans;
}
#endif /* HAVE_LONG_LONGS */


SCM
scm_2ulong2big (unsigned long *np)
{
  unsigned long n;
  scm_sizet i;
  SCM_BIGDIG *digits;
  SCM ans;

  ans = scm_mkbig (2 * SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 0);
  digits = SCM_BDIGITS (ans);

  n = np[0];
  for (i = 0; i < SCM_DIGSPERLONG; ++i)
    {
      digits[i] = SCM_BIGLO (n);
      n = SCM_BIGDN ((unsigned long) n);
    }
  n = np[1];
  for (i = 0; i < SCM_DIGSPERLONG; ++i)
    {
      digits[i + SCM_DIGSPERLONG] = SCM_BIGLO (n);
      n = SCM_BIGDN ((unsigned long) n);
    }
  return ans;
}



SCM
scm_ulong2big (unsigned long n)
{
  scm_sizet i = 0;
  SCM_BIGDIG *digits;
  SCM ans = scm_mkbig (SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 0);
  digits = SCM_BDIGITS (ans);
  while (i < SCM_DIGSPERLONG)
    {
      digits[i++] = SCM_BIGLO (n);
      n = SCM_BIGDN (n);
    }
  return ans;
}



int
scm_bigcomp (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  int xsign = SCM_BIGSIGN (x);
  int ysign = SCM_BIGSIGN (y);
  scm_sizet xlen, ylen;

  /* Look at the signs, first.  */
  if (ysign < xsign)
    return 1;
  if (ysign > xsign)
    return -1;

  /* They're the same sign, so see which one has more digits.  Note
     that, if they are negative, the longer number is the lesser.  */
  ylen = SCM_NUMDIGS (y);
  xlen = SCM_NUMDIGS (x);
  if (ylen > xlen)
    return (xsign) ? -1 : 1;
  if (ylen < xlen)
    return (xsign) ? 1 : -1;

  /* They have the same number of digits, so find the most significant
     digit where they differ.  */
  while (xlen)
    {
      --xlen;
      if (SCM_BDIGITS (y)[xlen] != SCM_BDIGITS (x)[xlen])
	/* Make the discrimination based on the digit that differs.  */
	return ((SCM_BDIGITS (y)[xlen] > SCM_BDIGITS (x)[xlen])
		? (xsign ? -1 :  1)
		: (xsign ?  1 : -1));
    }

  /* The numbers are identical.  */
  return 0;
}

#ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG


long
scm_pseudolong (long x)
{
  union
  {
    long l;
    SCM_BIGDIG bd[SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
  }
  p;
  scm_sizet i = 0;
  if (x < 0)
    x = -x;
  while (i < SCM_DIGSPERLONG)
    {
      p.bd[i++] = SCM_BIGLO (x);
      x = SCM_BIGDN (x);
    }
  /*  p.bd[0] = SCM_BIGLO(x); p.bd[1] = SCM_BIGDN(x); */
  return p.l;
}

#else


void
scm_longdigs (long x, SCM_BIGDIG digs[])
{
  scm_sizet i = 0;
  if (x < 0)
    x = -x;
  while (i < SCM_DIGSPERLONG)
    {
      digs[i++] = SCM_BIGLO (x);
      x = SCM_BIGDN (x);
    }
}
#endif



SCM
scm_addbig (SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, int xsgn, SCM bigy, int sgny)
{
  /* Assumes nx <= SCM_NUMDIGS(bigy) */
  /* Assumes xsgn and sgny scm_equal either 0 or SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG */
  long num = 0;
  scm_sizet i = 0, ny = SCM_NUMDIGS (bigy);
  SCM z = scm_copybig (bigy, SCM_BIGSIGN (bigy) ^ sgny);
  SCM_BIGDIG *zds = SCM_BDIGITS (z);
  if (xsgn ^ SCM_BIGSIGN (z))
    {
      do
	{
	  num += (long) zds[i] - x[i];
	  if (num < 0)
	    {
	      zds[i] = num + SCM_BIGRAD;
	      num = -1;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      zds[i] = SCM_BIGLO (num);
	      num = 0;
	    }
	}
      while (++i < nx);
      if (num && nx == ny)
	{
	  num = 1;
	  i = 0;
	  SCM_SET_CELL_WORD_0 (z, SCM_CELL_WORD_0 (z) ^ SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG);
	  do
	    {
	      num += (SCM_BIGRAD - 1) - zds[i];
	      zds[i++] = SCM_BIGLO (num);
	      num = SCM_BIGDN (num);
	    }
	  while (i < ny);
	}
      else
	while (i < ny)
	  {
	    num += zds[i];
	    if (num < 0)
	      {
		zds[i++] = num + SCM_BIGRAD;
		num = -1;
	      }
	    else
	      {
		zds[i++] = SCM_BIGLO (num);
		num = 0;
	      }
	  }
    }
  else
    {
      do
	{
	  num += (long) zds[i] + x[i];
	  zds[i++] = SCM_BIGLO (num);
	  num = SCM_BIGDN (num);
	}
      while (i < nx);
      if (!num)
	return z;
      while (i < ny)
	{
	  num += zds[i];
	  zds[i++] = SCM_BIGLO (num);
	  num = SCM_BIGDN (num);
	  if (!num)
	    return z;
	}
      if (num)
	{
	  z = scm_adjbig (z, ny + 1);
	  SCM_BDIGITS (z)[ny] = num;
	  return z;
	}
    }
  return scm_normbig (z);
}


SCM
scm_mulbig (SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, SCM_BIGDIG *y, scm_sizet ny, int sgn)
{
  scm_sizet i = 0, j = nx + ny;
  unsigned long n = 0;
  SCM z = scm_mkbig (j, sgn);
  SCM_BIGDIG *zds = SCM_BDIGITS (z);
  while (j--)
    zds[j] = 0;
  do
    {
      j = 0;
      if (x[i])
	{
	  do
	    {
	      n += zds[i + j] + ((unsigned long) x[i] * y[j]);
	      zds[i + j++] = SCM_BIGLO (n);
	      n = SCM_BIGDN (n);
	    }
	  while (j < ny);
	  if (n)
	    {
	      zds[i + j] = n;
	      n = 0;
	    }
	}
    }
  while (++i < nx);
  return scm_normbig (z);
}


unsigned int
scm_divbigdig (SCM_BIGDIG * ds, scm_sizet h, SCM_BIGDIG div)
{
  register unsigned long t2 = 0;
  while (h--)
    {
      t2 = SCM_BIGUP (t2) + ds[h];
      ds[h] = t2 / div;
      t2 %= div;
    }
  return t2;
}



static SCM
scm_divbigint (SCM x, long z, int sgn, int mode)
{
  if (z < 0)
    z = -z;
  if (z < SCM_BIGRAD)
    {
      register unsigned long t2 = 0;
      register SCM_BIGDIG *ds = SCM_BDIGITS (x);
      scm_sizet nd = SCM_NUMDIGS (x);
      while (nd--)
	t2 = (SCM_BIGUP (t2) + ds[nd]) % z;
      if (mode && t2)
	t2 = z - t2;
      return SCM_MAKINUM (sgn ? -t2 : t2);
    }
  {
#ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
    unsigned long t2 = scm_pseudolong (z);
    return scm_divbigbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
			  (SCM_BIGDIG *) & t2, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			  sgn, mode);
#else
    SCM_BIGDIG t2[SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
    scm_longdigs (z, t2);
    return scm_divbigbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
			  t2, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			  sgn, mode);
#endif
  }
}


static SCM
scm_divbigbig (SCM_BIGDIG *x, scm_sizet nx, SCM_BIGDIG *y, scm_sizet ny, int sgn, int modes)
{
  /* modes description
     0  remainder
     1  scm_modulo
     2  quotient
     3  quotient but returns SCM_UNDEFINED if division is not exact. */
  scm_sizet i = 0, j = 0;
  long num = 0;
  unsigned long t2 = 0;
  SCM z, newy;
  SCM_BIGDIG d = 0, qhat, *zds, *yds;
  /* algorithm requires nx >= ny */
  if (nx < ny)
    switch (modes)
      {
      case 0:			/* remainder -- just return x */
	z = scm_mkbig (nx, sgn);
	zds = SCM_BDIGITS (z);
	do
	  {
	    zds[i] = x[i];
	  }
	while (++i < nx);
	return z;
      case 1:			/* scm_modulo -- return y-x */
	z = scm_mkbig (ny, sgn);
	zds = SCM_BDIGITS (z);
	do
	  {
	    num += (long) y[i] - x[i];
	    if (num < 0)
	      {
		zds[i] = num + SCM_BIGRAD;
		num = -1;
	      }
	    else
	      {
		zds[i] = num;
		num = 0;
	      }
	  }
	while (++i < nx);
	while (i < ny)
	  {
	    num += y[i];
	    if (num < 0)
	      {
		zds[i++] = num + SCM_BIGRAD;
		num = -1;
	      }
	    else
	      {
		zds[i++] = num;
		num = 0;
	      }
	  }
	goto doadj;
      case 2:
	return SCM_INUM0;	/* quotient is zero */
      case 3:
	return SCM_UNDEFINED;   /* the division is not exact */
      }

  z = scm_mkbig (nx == ny ? nx + 2 : nx + 1, sgn);
  zds = SCM_BDIGITS (z);
  if (nx == ny)
    zds[nx + 1] = 0;
  while (!y[ny - 1])
    ny--;			/* in case y came in as a psuedolong */
  if (y[ny - 1] < (SCM_BIGRAD >> 1))
    {				/* normalize operands */
      d = SCM_BIGRAD / (y[ny - 1] + 1);
      newy = scm_mkbig (ny, 0);
      yds = SCM_BDIGITS (newy);
      while (j < ny)
	{
	  t2 += (unsigned long) y[j] * d;
	  yds[j++] = SCM_BIGLO (t2);
	  t2 = SCM_BIGDN (t2);
	}
      y = yds;
      j = 0;
      t2 = 0;
      while (j < nx)
	{
	  t2 += (unsigned long) x[j] * d;
	  zds[j++] = SCM_BIGLO (t2);
	  t2 = SCM_BIGDN (t2);
	}
      zds[j] = t2;
    }
  else
    {
      zds[j = nx] = 0;
      while (j--)
	zds[j] = x[j];
    }
  j = nx == ny ? nx + 1 : nx;	/* dividend needs more digits than divisor */
  do
    {				/* loop over digits of quotient */
      if (zds[j] == y[ny - 1])
	qhat = SCM_BIGRAD - 1;
      else
	qhat = (SCM_BIGUP (zds[j]) + zds[j - 1]) / y[ny - 1];
      if (!qhat)
	continue;
      i = 0;
      num = 0;
      t2 = 0;
      do
	{			/* multiply and subtract */
	  t2 += (unsigned long) y[i] * qhat;
	  num += zds[j - ny + i] - SCM_BIGLO (t2);
	  if (num < 0)
	    {
	      zds[j - ny + i] = num + SCM_BIGRAD;
	      num = -1;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      zds[j - ny + i] = num;
	      num = 0;
	    }
	  t2 = SCM_BIGDN (t2);
	}
      while (++i < ny);
      num += zds[j - ny + i] - t2; /* borrow from high digit; don't update */
      while (num)
	{			/* "add back" required */
	  i = 0;
	  num = 0;
	  qhat--;
	  do
	    {
	      num += (long) zds[j - ny + i] + y[i];
	      zds[j - ny + i] = SCM_BIGLO (num);
	      num = SCM_BIGDN (num);
	    }
	  while (++i < ny);
	  num--;
	}
      if (modes & 2)
	zds[j] = qhat;
    }
  while (--j >= ny);
  switch (modes)
    {
    case 3:			/* check that remainder==0 */
      for (j = ny; j && !zds[j - 1]; --j);
      if (j)
	return SCM_UNDEFINED;
    case 2:			/* move quotient down in z */
      j = (nx == ny ? nx + 2 : nx + 1) - ny;
      for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
	zds[i] = zds[i + ny];
      ny = i;
      break;
    case 1:			/* subtract for scm_modulo */
      i = 0;
      num = 0;
      j = 0;
      do
	{
	  num += y[i] - zds[i];
	  j = j | zds[i];
	  if (num < 0)
	    {
	      zds[i] = num + SCM_BIGRAD;
	      num = -1;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      zds[i] = num;
	      num = 0;
	    }
	}
      while (++i < ny);
      if (!j)
	return SCM_INUM0;
    case 0:			/* just normalize remainder */
      if (d)
	scm_divbigdig (zds, ny, d);
    }
 doadj:
  for (j = ny; j && !zds[j - 1]; --j);
  if (j * SCM_BITSPERDIG <= sizeof (SCM) * SCM_CHAR_BIT)
    if (SCM_INUMP (z = scm_big2inum (z, j)))
      return z;
  return scm_adjbig (z, j);
}
#endif





/*** NUMBERS -> STRINGS ***/
int scm_dblprec;
static const double fx[] =
{  0.0,  5e-1,  5e-2,  5e-3,   5e-4, 5e-5,
  5e-6,  5e-7,  5e-8,  5e-9,  5e-10,
 5e-11, 5e-12, 5e-13, 5e-14,  5e-15,
 5e-16, 5e-17, 5e-18, 5e-19,  5e-20};




static scm_sizet
idbl2str (double f, char *a)
{
  int efmt, dpt, d, i, wp = scm_dblprec;
  scm_sizet ch = 0;
  int exp = 0;

  if (f == 0.0)
    goto zero;			/*{a[0]='0'; a[1]='.'; a[2]='0'; return 3;} */
  if (f < 0.0)
    {
      f = -f;
      a[ch++] = '-';
    }
  else if (f > 0.0);
  else
    goto funny;
  if (IS_INF (f))
    {
      if (ch == 0)
	a[ch++] = '+';
    funny:
      a[ch++] = '#';
      a[ch++] = '.';
      a[ch++] = '#';
      return ch;
    }
#ifdef DBL_MIN_10_EXP  /* Prevent unnormalized values, as from 
			  make-uniform-vector, from causing infinite loops. */
  while (f < 1.0)
    {
      f *= 10.0;
      if (exp-- < DBL_MIN_10_EXP)
	goto funny;
    }
  while (f > 10.0)
    {
      f *= 0.10;
      if (exp++ > DBL_MAX_10_EXP)
	goto funny;
    }
#else
  while (f < 1.0)
    {
      f *= 10.0;
      exp--;
    }
  while (f > 10.0)
    {
      f /= 10.0;
      exp++;
    }
#endif
  if (f + fx[wp] >= 10.0)
    {
      f = 1.0;
      exp++;
    }
 zero:
#ifdef ENGNOT
  dpt = (exp + 9999) % 3;
  exp -= dpt++;
  efmt = 1;
#else
  efmt = (exp < -3) || (exp > wp + 2);
  if (!efmt)
    {
      if (exp < 0)
	{
	  a[ch++] = '0';
	  a[ch++] = '.';
	  dpt = exp;
	  while (++dpt)
	    a[ch++] = '0';
	}
      else
	dpt = exp + 1;
    }
  else
    dpt = 1;
#endif

  do
    {
      d = f;
      f -= d;
      a[ch++] = d + '0';
      if (f < fx[wp])
	break;
      if (f + fx[wp] >= 1.0)
	{
	  a[ch - 1]++;
	  break;
	}
      f *= 10.0;
      if (!(--dpt))
	a[ch++] = '.';
    }
  while (wp--);

  if (dpt > 0)
    {
#ifndef ENGNOT
      if ((dpt > 4) && (exp > 6))
	{
	  d = (a[0] == '-' ? 2 : 1);
	  for (i = ch++; i > d; i--)
	    a[i] = a[i - 1];
	  a[d] = '.';
	  efmt = 1;
	}
      else
#endif
	{
	  while (--dpt)
	    a[ch++] = '0';
	  a[ch++] = '.';
	}
    }
  if (a[ch - 1] == '.')
    a[ch++] = '0';		/* trailing zero */
  if (efmt && exp)
    {
      a[ch++] = 'e';
      if (exp < 0)
	{
	  exp = -exp;
	  a[ch++] = '-';
	}
      for (i = 10; i <= exp; i *= 10);
      for (i /= 10; i; i /= 10)
	{
	  a[ch++] = exp / i + '0';
	  exp %= i;
	}
    }
  return ch;
}


static scm_sizet
iflo2str (SCM flt, char *str)
{
  scm_sizet i;
  if (SCM_SLOPPY_REALP (flt))
    i = idbl2str (SCM_REAL_VALUE (flt), str);
  else
    {
      i = idbl2str (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (flt), str);
      if (SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (flt) != 0.0)
	{
	  if (0 <= SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (flt))
	    str[i++] = '+';
	  i += idbl2str (SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (flt), &str[i]);
	  str[i++] = 'i';
	}
    }
  return i;
}

/* convert a long to a string (unterminated).  returns the number of
   characters in the result. 
   rad is output base
   p is destination: worst case (base 2) is SCM_INTBUFLEN  */
scm_sizet
scm_iint2str (long num, int rad, char *p)
{
  scm_sizet j = 1;
  scm_sizet i;
  unsigned long n = (num < 0) ? -num : num;

  for (n /= rad; n > 0; n /= rad)
    j++;

  i = j;
  if (num < 0)
    {
      *p++ = '-';
      j++;
      n = -num;
    }
  else
    n = num;
  while (i--)
    {
      int d = n % rad;

      n /= rad;
      p[i] = d + ((d < 10) ? '0' : 'a' - 10);
    }
  return j;
}


#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG

static SCM
big2str (SCM b, unsigned int radix)
{
  SCM t = scm_copybig (b, 0);	/* sign of temp doesn't matter */
  register SCM_BIGDIG *ds = SCM_BDIGITS (t);
  scm_sizet i = SCM_NUMDIGS (t);
  scm_sizet j = radix == 16 ? (SCM_BITSPERDIG * i) / 4 + 2
    : radix >= 10 ? (SCM_BITSPERDIG * i * 241L) / 800 + 2
    : (SCM_BITSPERDIG * i) + 2;
  scm_sizet k = 0;
  scm_sizet radct = 0;
  SCM_BIGDIG radpow = 1, radmod = 0;
  SCM ss = scm_makstr ((long) j, 0);
  char *s = SCM_STRING_CHARS (ss), c;
  while ((long) radpow * radix < SCM_BIGRAD)
    {
      radpow *= radix;
      radct++;
    }
  while ((i || radmod) && j)
    {
      if (k == 0)
	{
	  radmod = (SCM_BIGDIG) scm_divbigdig (ds, i, radpow);
	  k = radct;
	  if (!ds[i - 1])
	    i--;
	}
      c = radmod % radix;
      radmod /= radix;
      k--;
      s[--j] = c < 10 ? c + '0' : c + 'a' - 10;
    }

  if (SCM_BIGSIGN (b))
    s[--j] = '-';

  if (j > 0)
    {
      /* The pre-reserved string length was too large. */
      unsigned long int length = SCM_STRING_LENGTH (ss);
      ss = scm_substring (ss, SCM_MAKINUM (j), SCM_MAKINUM (length));
    }

  return scm_return_first (ss, t);
}
#endif


SCM_DEFINE (scm_number_to_string, "number->string", 1, 1, 0,
            (SCM n, SCM radix),
	    "Return a string holding the external representation of the\n"
	    "number N in the given RADIX.  If N is inexact, a radix of 10\n"
	    "will be used.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_number_to_string
{
  int base;

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (radix)) {
    base = 10;
  } else {
    SCM_VALIDATE_INUM (2, radix);
    base = SCM_INUM (radix);
    SCM_ASSERT_RANGE (2, radix, base >= 2);
  }

  if (SCM_INUMP (n)) {
    char num_buf [SCM_INTBUFLEN];
    scm_sizet length = scm_iint2str (SCM_INUM (n), base, num_buf);
    return scm_makfromstr (num_buf, length, 0);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (n)) {
    return big2str (n, (unsigned int) base);
  } else if (SCM_INEXACTP (n)) {
    char num_buf [SCM_FLOBUFLEN];
    return scm_makfromstr (num_buf, iflo2str (n, num_buf), 0);
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (1, n);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


/* These print routines are stubbed here so that scm_repl.c doesn't need
   SCM_BIGDIG conditionals */

int
scm_print_real (SCM sexp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  char num_buf[SCM_FLOBUFLEN];
  scm_lfwrite (num_buf, iflo2str (sexp, num_buf), port);
  return !0;
}

int
scm_print_complex (SCM sexp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
  char num_buf[SCM_FLOBUFLEN];
  scm_lfwrite (num_buf, iflo2str (sexp, num_buf), port);
  return !0;
}

int
scm_bigprint (SCM exp, SCM port, scm_print_state *pstate)
{
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
  exp = big2str (exp, (unsigned int) 10);
  scm_lfwrite (SCM_STRING_CHARS (exp), (scm_sizet) SCM_STRING_LENGTH (exp), port);
#else
  scm_ipruk ("bignum", exp, port);
#endif
  return !0;
}
/*** END nums->strs ***/

/*** STRINGS -> NUMBERS ***/

static SCM
scm_small_istr2int (char *str, long len, long radix)
{
  register long n = 0, ln;
  register int c;
  register int i = 0;
  int lead_neg = 0;
  if (0 >= len)
    return SCM_BOOL_F;		/* zero scm_length */
  switch (*str)
    {				/* leading sign */
    case '-':
      lead_neg = 1;
    case '+':
      if (++i == len)
	return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* bad if lone `+' or `-' */
    }

  do
    {
      switch (c = str[i++])
	{
	case DIGITS:
	  c = c - '0';
	  goto accumulate;
	case 'A':
	case 'B':
	case 'C':
	case 'D':
	case 'E':
	case 'F':
	  c = c - 'A' + 10;
	  goto accumulate;
	case 'a':
	case 'b':
	case 'c':
	case 'd':
	case 'e':
	case 'f':
	  c = c - 'a' + 10;
	accumulate:
	  if (c >= radix)
	    return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* bad digit for radix */
	  ln = n;
	  n = n * radix - c;
	  /* Negation is a workaround for HP700 cc bug */
	  if (n > ln || (-n > -SCM_MOST_NEGATIVE_FIXNUM))
	    goto ovfl;
	  break;
	default:
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* not a digit */
	}
    }
  while (i < len);
  if (!lead_neg)
    if ((n = -n) > SCM_MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM)
      goto ovfl;
  return SCM_MAKINUM (n);
 ovfl:				/* overflow scheme integer */
  return SCM_BOOL_F;
}



SCM
scm_istr2int (char *str, long len, long radix)
{
  scm_sizet j;
  register scm_sizet k, blen = 1;
  scm_sizet i = 0;
  int c;
  SCM res;
  register SCM_BIGDIG *ds;
  register unsigned long t2;

  if (0 >= len)
    return SCM_BOOL_F;		/* zero scm_length */

  /* Short numbers we parse directly into an int, to avoid the overhead 
     of creating a bignum.  */
  if (len < 6)
    return scm_small_istr2int (str, len, radix);

  if (16 == radix)
    j = 1 + (4 * len * sizeof (char)) / (SCM_BITSPERDIG);
  else if (10 <= radix)
    j = 1 + (84 * len * sizeof (char)) / (SCM_BITSPERDIG * 25);
  else
    j = 1 + (len * sizeof (char)) / (SCM_BITSPERDIG);
  switch (str[0])
    {				/* leading sign */
    case '-':
    case '+':
      if (++i == (unsigned) len)
	return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* bad if lone `+' or `-' */
    }
  res = scm_mkbig (j, '-' == str[0]);
  ds = SCM_BDIGITS (res);
  for (k = j; k--;)
    ds[k] = 0;
  do
    {
      switch (c = str[i++])
	{
	case DIGITS:
	  c = c - '0';
	  goto accumulate;
	case 'A':
	case 'B':
	case 'C':
	case 'D':
	case 'E':
	case 'F':
	  c = c - 'A' + 10;
	  goto accumulate;
	case 'a':
	case 'b':
	case 'c':
	case 'd':
	case 'e':
	case 'f':
	  c = c - 'a' + 10;
	accumulate:
	  if (c >= radix)
	    return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* bad digit for radix */
	  k = 0;
	  t2 = c;
	moretodo:
	  while (k < blen)
	    {
/* printf ("k = %d, blen = %d, t2 = %ld, ds[k] = %d\n", k, blen, t2, ds[k]); */
	      t2 += ds[k] * radix;
	      ds[k++] = SCM_BIGLO (t2);
	      t2 = SCM_BIGDN (t2);
	    }
	  if (blen > j)
	    scm_num_overflow ("bignum");
	  if (t2)
	    {
	      blen++;
	      goto moretodo;
	    }
	  break;
	default:
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* not a digit */
	}
    }
  while (i < (unsigned) len);
  if (blen * SCM_BITSPERDIG / SCM_CHAR_BIT <= sizeof (SCM))
    if (SCM_INUMP (res = scm_big2inum (res, blen)))
      return res;
  if (j == blen)
    return res;
  return scm_adjbig (res, blen);
}

SCM
scm_istr2flo (char *str, long len, long radix)
{
  register int c, i = 0;
  double lead_sgn;
  double res = 0.0, tmp = 0.0;
  int flg = 0;
  int point = 0;
  SCM second;

  if (i >= len)
    return SCM_BOOL_F;		/* zero scm_length */

  switch (*str)
    {				/* leading sign */
    case '-':
      lead_sgn = -1.0;
      i++;
      break;
    case '+':
      lead_sgn = 1.0;
      i++;
      break;
    default:
      lead_sgn = 0.0;
    }
  if (i == len)
    return SCM_BOOL_F;		/* bad if lone `+' or `-' */

  if (str[i] == 'i' || str[i] == 'I')
    {				/* handle `+i' and `-i'   */
      if (lead_sgn == 0.0)
	return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* must have leading sign */
      if (++i < len)
	return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* `i' not last character */
      return scm_make_complex (0.0, lead_sgn);
    }
  do
    {				/* check initial digits */
      switch (c = str[i])
	{
	case DIGITS:
	  c = c - '0';
	  goto accum1;
	case 'D':
	case 'E':
	case 'F':
	  if (radix == 10)
	    goto out1;		/* must be exponent */
	case 'A':
	case 'B':
	case 'C':
	  c = c - 'A' + 10;
	  goto accum1;
	case 'd':
	case 'e':
	case 'f':
	  if (radix == 10)
	    goto out1;
	case 'a':
	case 'b':
	case 'c':
	  c = c - 'a' + 10;
	accum1:
	  if (c >= radix)
	    return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* bad digit for radix */
	  res = res * radix + c;
	  flg = 1;		/* res is valid */
	  break;
	default:
	  goto out1;
	}
    }
  while (++i < len);
 out1:

  /* if true, then we did see a digit above, and res is valid */
  if (i == len)
    goto done;

  /* By here, must have seen a digit,
     or must have next char be a `.' with radix==10 */
  if (!flg)
    if (!(str[i] == '.' && radix == 10))
      return SCM_BOOL_F;

  while (str[i] == '#')
    {				/* optional sharps */
      res *= radix;
      if (++i == len)
	goto done;
    }

  if (str[i] == '/')
    {
      while (++i < len)
	{
	  switch (c = str[i])
	    {
	    case DIGITS:
	      c = c - '0';
	      goto accum2;
	    case 'A':
	    case 'B':
	    case 'C':
	    case 'D':
	    case 'E':
	    case 'F':
	      c = c - 'A' + 10;
	      goto accum2;
	    case 'a':
	    case 'b':
	    case 'c':
	    case 'd':
	    case 'e':
	    case 'f':
	      c = c - 'a' + 10;
	    accum2:
	      if (c >= radix)
		return SCM_BOOL_F;
	      tmp = tmp * radix + c;
	      break;
	    default:
	      goto out2;
	    }
	}
    out2:
      if (tmp == 0.0)
	return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* `slash zero' not allowed */
      if (i < len)
	while (str[i] == '#')
	  {			/* optional sharps */
	    tmp *= radix;
	    if (++i == len)
	      break;
	  }
      res /= tmp;
      goto done;
    }

  if (str[i] == '.')
    {				/* decimal point notation */
      if (radix != 10)
	return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* must be radix 10 */
      while (++i < len)
	{
	  switch (c = str[i])
	    {
	    case DIGITS:
	      point--;
	      res = res * 10.0 + c - '0';
	      flg = 1;
	      break;
	    default:
	      goto out3;
	    }
	}
    out3:
      if (!flg)
	return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* no digits before or after decimal point */
      if (i == len)
	goto adjust;
      while (str[i] == '#')
	{			/* ignore remaining sharps */
	  if (++i == len)
	    goto adjust;
	}
    }

  switch (str[i])
    {				/* exponent */
    case 'd':
    case 'D':
    case 'e':
    case 'E':
    case 'f':
    case 'F':
    case 'l':
    case 'L':
    case 's':
    case 'S':
      {
	int expsgn = 1, expon = 0;
	if (radix != 10)
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* only in radix 10 */
	if (++i == len)
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* bad exponent */
	switch (str[i])
	  {
	  case '-':
	    expsgn = (-1);
	  case '+':
	    if (++i == len)
	      return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* bad exponent */
	  }
	if (str[i] < '0' || str[i] > '9')
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* bad exponent */
	do
	  {
	    switch (c = str[i])
	      {
	      case DIGITS:
		expon = expon * 10 + c - '0';
		if (expon > SCM_MAXEXP)
		  scm_out_of_range ("string->number", SCM_MAKINUM (expon));
		break;
	      default:
		goto out4;
	      }
	  }
	while (++i < len);
      out4:
	point += expsgn * expon;
      }
    }

 adjust:
  if (point >= 0)
    while (point--)
      res *= 10.0;
  else
#ifdef _UNICOS
    while (point++)
      res *= 0.1;
#else
  while (point++)
    res /= 10.0;
#endif

 done:
  /* at this point, we have a legitimate floating point result */
  if (lead_sgn == -1.0)
    res = -res;
  if (i == len)
    return scm_make_real (res);

  if (str[i] == 'i' || str[i] == 'I')
    {				/* pure imaginary number  */
      if (lead_sgn == 0.0)
	return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* must have leading sign */
      if (++i < len)
	return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* `i' not last character */
      return scm_make_complex (0.0, res);
    }

  switch (str[i++])
    {
    case '-':
      lead_sgn = -1.0;
      break;
    case '+':
      lead_sgn = 1.0;
      break;
    case '@':
      {				/* polar input for complex number */
	/* get a `real' for scm_angle */
	second = scm_istr2flo (&str[i], (long) (len - i), radix);
	if (!SCM_SLOPPY_INEXACTP (second))
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* not `real' */
	if (SCM_SLOPPY_COMPLEXP (second))
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;	/* not `real' */
	tmp = SCM_REAL_VALUE (second);
	return scm_make_complex (res * cos (tmp), res * sin (tmp));
      }
    default:
      return SCM_BOOL_F;
    }

  /* at this point, last char must be `i' */
  if (str[len - 1] != 'i' && str[len - 1] != 'I')
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  /* handles `x+i' and `x-i' */
  if (i == (len - 1))
    return scm_make_complex (res, lead_sgn);
  /* get a `ureal' for complex part */
  second = scm_istr2flo (&str[i], (long) ((len - i) - 1), radix);
  if (!SCM_INEXACTP (second))
    return SCM_BOOL_F;		/* not `ureal' */
  if (SCM_SLOPPY_COMPLEXP (second))
    return SCM_BOOL_F;		/* not `ureal' */
  tmp = SCM_REAL_VALUE (second);
  if (tmp < 0.0)
    return SCM_BOOL_F;		/* not `ureal' */
  return scm_make_complex (res, (lead_sgn * tmp));
}



SCM
scm_istring2number (char *str, long len, long radix)
{
  int i = 0;
  char ex = 0;
  char ex_p = 0, rx_p = 0;	/* Only allow 1 exactness and 1 radix prefix */
  SCM res;
  if (len == 1)
    if (*str == '+' || *str == '-')    /* Catches lone `+' and `-' for speed */
      return SCM_BOOL_F;

  while ((len - i) >= 2 && str[i] == '#' && ++i)
    switch (str[i++])
      {
      case 'b':
      case 'B':
	if (rx_p++)
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;
	radix = 2;
	break;
      case 'o':
      case 'O':
	if (rx_p++)
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;
	radix = 8;
	break;
      case 'd':
      case 'D':
	if (rx_p++)
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;
	radix = 10;
	break;
      case 'x':
      case 'X':
	if (rx_p++)
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;
	radix = 16;
	break;
      case 'i':
      case 'I':
	if (ex_p++)
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;
	ex = 2;
	break;
      case 'e':
      case 'E':
	if (ex_p++)
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;
	ex = 1;
	break;
      default:
	return SCM_BOOL_F;
      }

  switch (ex)
    {
    case 1:
      return scm_istr2int (&str[i], len - i, radix);
    case 0:
      res = scm_istr2int (&str[i], len - i, radix);
      if (SCM_NFALSEP (res))
	return res;
    case 2:
      return scm_istr2flo (&str[i], len - i, radix);
    }
  return SCM_BOOL_F;
}


SCM_DEFINE (scm_string_to_number, "string->number", 1, 1, 0,
            (SCM string, SCM radix),
	    "Returns a number of the maximally precise representation\n"
	    "expressed by the given STRING. RADIX must be an exact integer,\n"
	    "either 2, 8, 10, or 16. If supplied, RADIX is a default radix\n"
	    "that may be overridden by an explicit radix prefix in STRING\n"
	    "(e.g. \"#o177\"). If RADIX is not supplied, then the default\n"
	    "radix is 10. If string is not a syntactically valid notation\n"
	    "for a number, then `string->number' returns #f.  (r5rs)") 
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_string_to_number
{
  SCM answer;
  int base;
  SCM_VALIDATE_STRING (1, string);
  SCM_VALIDATE_INUM_MIN_DEF_COPY (2,radix,2,10,base);
  answer = scm_istring2number (SCM_STRING_CHARS (string),
			       SCM_STRING_LENGTH (string),
                               base);
  return scm_return_first (answer, string);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
/*** END strs->nums ***/


SCM
scm_make_real (double x)
{
  SCM z;
  SCM_NEWCELL2 (z);
  SCM_SET_CELL_TYPE (z, scm_tc16_real);
  SCM_REAL_VALUE (z) = x;
  return z;
}


SCM
scm_make_complex (double x, double y)
{
  if (y == 0.0) {
    return scm_make_real (x);
  } else {
    SCM z;
    SCM_NEWSMOB (z, scm_tc16_complex, scm_must_malloc (2L * sizeof (double), "complex"));
    SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (z) = x;
    SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (z) = y;
    return z;
  }
}


SCM
scm_bigequal (SCM x, SCM y)
{
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
  if (0 == scm_bigcomp (x, y))
    return SCM_BOOL_T;
#endif
  return SCM_BOOL_F;
}

SCM
scm_real_equalp (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  return SCM_BOOL (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) == SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
}

SCM
scm_complex_equalp (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  return SCM_BOOL (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) == SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y)
		   && SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x) == SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
}



SCM_REGISTER_PROC (s_number_p, "number?", 1, 0, 0, scm_number_p);

SCM_DEFINE (scm_number_p, "complex?", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM x),
	    "Return #t if X is a complex number, #f else.  Note that the\n"
	    "sets of real, rational and integer values form subsets of the\n"
	    "set of complex numbers, i. e. the predicate will also be\n"
	    "fulfilled if X is a real, rational or integer number.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_number_p
{
  return SCM_BOOL (SCM_NUMBERP (x));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_REGISTER_PROC (s_real_p, "real?", 1, 0, 0, scm_real_p);

SCM_DEFINE (scm_real_p, "rational?", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM x),
	    "Return #t if X is a rational number, #f else.  Note that the\n"
	    "set of integer values forms a subset of the set of rational\n"
	    "numbers, i. e. the predicate will also be fulfilled if X is an\n"
	    "integer number.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_real_p
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL_T;
  } else if (SCM_IMP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  } else if (SCM_SLOPPY_REALP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL_T;
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL_T;
  } else {
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_integer_p, "integer?", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM x),
	    "Return #t if X is an integer number, #f else.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_integer_p
{
  double r;
  if (SCM_INUMP (x))
    return SCM_BOOL_T;
  if (SCM_IMP (x))
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  if (SCM_BIGP (x))
    return SCM_BOOL_T;
  if (!SCM_SLOPPY_INEXACTP (x))
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  if (SCM_SLOPPY_COMPLEXP (x))
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  r = SCM_REAL_VALUE (x);
  if (r == floor (r))
    return SCM_BOOL_T;
  return SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_inexact_p, "inexact?", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM x),
	    "Return #t if X is an inexact number, #f else.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_inexact_p
{
  return SCM_BOOL (SCM_INEXACTP (x));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_GPROC1 (s_eq_p, "=", scm_tc7_rpsubr, scm_num_eq_p, g_eq_p);

SCM
scm_num_eq_p (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long xx = SCM_INUM (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      return SCM_BOOL (xx == yy);
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL_F;
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL ((double) xx == SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (((double) xx == SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y))
		       && (0.0 == SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y)));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_eq_p, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_eq_p);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL_F;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (0 == scm_bigcomp (x, y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (scm_big2dbl (x) == SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL ((scm_big2dbl (x) == SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y))
		       && (0.0 == SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y)));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_eq_p, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_eq_p);
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) == (double) SCM_INUM (y));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) == scm_big2dbl (y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) == SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL ((SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) == SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y))
		       && (0.0 == SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y)));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_eq_p, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_eq_p);
    }
  } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL ((SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) == (double) SCM_INUM (y))
		       && (SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x) == 0.0));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL ((SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) == scm_big2dbl (y))
		       && (SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x) == 0.0));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL ((SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) == SCM_REAL_VALUE (y))
		       && (SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x) == 0.0));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL ((SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) == SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y))
		       && (SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x) == SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y)));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_eq_p, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_eq_p);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_eq_p, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_eq_p);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_less_p, "<", scm_tc7_rpsubr, scm_less_p, g_less_p);

SCM
scm_less_p (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long xx = SCM_INUM (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      return SCM_BOOL (xx < yy);
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (!SCM_BIGSIGN (y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL ((double) xx < SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_less_p, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_less_p);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (SCM_BIGSIGN (x));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (1 == scm_bigcomp (x, y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (scm_big2dbl (x) < SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_less_p, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_less_p);
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) < (double) SCM_INUM (y));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) < scm_big2dbl (y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return SCM_BOOL (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) < SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_less_p, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_less_p);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_less_p, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_less_p);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_scm_gr_p, ">", scm_tc7_rpsubr, scm_gr_p, g_gr_p);
/* "Return #t if the list of parameters is monotonically\n"
 *  "increasing."
 */
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_gr_p
SCM
scm_gr_p (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (!SCM_NUMBERP (x))
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_gr_p, x, y, SCM_ARG1, FUNC_NAME);
  else if (!SCM_NUMBERP (y))
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_gr_p, x, y, SCM_ARG2, FUNC_NAME);
  else
    return scm_less_p (y, x);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_GPROC1 (s_scm_leq_p, "<=", scm_tc7_rpsubr, scm_leq_p, g_leq_p);
/* "Return #t if the list of parameters is monotonically\n"
 * "non-decreasing."
 */
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_leq_p
SCM
scm_leq_p (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (!SCM_NUMBERP (x))
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_leq_p, x, y, SCM_ARG1, FUNC_NAME);
  else if (!SCM_NUMBERP (y))
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_leq_p, x, y, SCM_ARG2, FUNC_NAME);
  else
    return SCM_BOOL_NOT (scm_less_p (y, x));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_GPROC1 (s_scm_geq_p, ">=", scm_tc7_rpsubr, scm_geq_p, g_geq_p);
/* "Return #t if the list of parameters is monotonically\n"
 * "non-increasing."
 */
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_geq_p
SCM
scm_geq_p (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (!SCM_NUMBERP (x))
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_geq_p, x, y, SCM_ARG1, FUNC_NAME);
  else if (!SCM_NUMBERP (y))
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_geq_p, x, y, SCM_ARG2, FUNC_NAME);
  else
  return SCM_BOOL_NOT (scm_less_p (x, y));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_GPROC (s_zero_p, "zero?", 1, 0, 0, scm_zero_p, g_zero_p);

SCM
scm_zero_p (SCM z)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (z)) {
    return SCM_BOOL (SCM_EQ_P (z, SCM_INUM0));
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (z)) {
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  } else if (SCM_REALP (z)) {
    return SCM_BOOL (SCM_REAL_VALUE (z) == 0.0);
  } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (z)) {
    return SCM_BOOL (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (z) == 0.0
		     && SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (z) == 0.0);
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_zero_p, z, SCM_ARG1, s_zero_p);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC (s_positive_p, "positive?", 1, 0, 0, scm_positive_p, g_positive_p);

SCM
scm_positive_p (SCM x)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL (SCM_INUM (x) > 0);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL (!SCM_BIGSIGN (x));
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL(SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) > 0.0);
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_positive_p, x, SCM_ARG1, s_positive_p);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC (s_negative_p, "negative?", 1, 0, 0, scm_negative_p, g_negative_p);

SCM
scm_negative_p (SCM x)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL (SCM_INUM (x) < 0);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL (SCM_BIGSIGN (x));
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    return SCM_BOOL(SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) < 0.0);
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_negative_p, x, SCM_ARG1, s_negative_p);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_max, "max", scm_tc7_asubr, scm_max, g_max);

SCM
scm_max (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (y)) {
    if (SCM_UNBNDP (x)) {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_0 (g_max, x, SCM_ARG1, s_max);
    } else if (SCM_NUMBERP (x)) {
      return x;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_max, x, SCM_ARG1, s_max);
    }
  }
  
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long xx = SCM_INUM (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      return (xx < yy) ? y : x;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return SCM_BIGSIGN (y) ? x : y;
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      double z = xx;
      return (z <= SCM_REAL_VALUE (y)) ? y : scm_make_real (z);
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_max, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_max);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ? y : x;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return (1 == scm_bigcomp (x, y)) ? y : x;
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      double z = scm_big2dbl (x);
      return (z <= SCM_REAL_VALUE (y)) ? y : scm_make_real (z);
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_max, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_max);
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      double z = SCM_INUM (y);
      return (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) < z) ? scm_make_real (z) : x;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      double z = scm_big2dbl (y);
      return (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) < z) ? scm_make_real (z) : x;
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) < SCM_REAL_VALUE (y)) ? y : x;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_max, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_max);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_max, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_max);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_min, "min", scm_tc7_asubr, scm_min, g_min);

SCM
scm_min (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (y)) {
    if (SCM_UNBNDP (x)) {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_0 (g_min, x, SCM_ARG1, s_min);
    } else if (SCM_NUMBERP (x)) {
      return x;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_min, x, SCM_ARG1, s_min);
    }
  }
  
  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long xx = SCM_INUM (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      return (xx < yy) ? x : y;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return SCM_BIGSIGN (y) ? y : x;
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      double z = xx;
      return (z < SCM_REAL_VALUE (y)) ? scm_make_real (z) : y;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_min, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_min);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ? x : y;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return (-1 == scm_bigcomp (x, y)) ? y : x;
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      double z = scm_big2dbl (x);
      return (z < SCM_REAL_VALUE (y)) ? scm_make_real (z) : y;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_min, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_min);
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      double z = SCM_INUM (y);
      return (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) <= z) ? x : scm_make_real (z);
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      double z = scm_big2dbl (y);
      return (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) <= z) ? x : scm_make_real (z);
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) < SCM_REAL_VALUE (y)) ? x : y;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_min, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_min);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_min, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_min);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_sum, "+", scm_tc7_asubr, scm_sum, g_sum);

SCM
scm_sum (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (y)) {
    if (SCM_UNBNDP (x)) {
      return SCM_INUM0;
    } else if (SCM_NUMBERP (x)) {
      return x;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_sum, x, SCM_ARG1, s_sum);
    }
  }

  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long int xx = SCM_INUM (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long int yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      long int z = xx + yy;
      if (SCM_FIXABLE (z)) {
	return SCM_MAKINUM (z);
      } else {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
	return scm_long2big (z);
#else  /* SCM_BIGDIG */
	return scm_make_real ((double) z);
#endif /* SCM_BIGDIG */ 
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
    intbig:
      {
	long int xx = SCM_INUM (x);
#ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
	long z = scm_pseudolong (xx);
	return scm_addbig ((SCM_BIGDIG *) & z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			   (xx < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, y, 0);
#else  /* SCM_DIGSTOOBIG */
	SCM_BIGDIG zdigs [SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
	scm_longdigs (xx, zdigs);
	return scm_addbig (zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			   (xx < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, y, 0);
#endif /* SCM_DIGSTOOBIG */
      }
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (xx + SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (xx + SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_sum, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_sum);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      SCM_SWAP (x, y);
      goto intbig;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      if (SCM_NUMDIGS (x) > SCM_NUMDIGS (y)) {
	SCM_SWAP (x, y);
      }
      return scm_addbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x), 
			 SCM_BIGSIGN (x), y, 0);
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (scm_big2dbl (x) + SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (scm_big2dbl (x) + SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_sum, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_sum);
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) + SCM_INUM (y));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) + scm_big2dbl (y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) + SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) + SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_sum, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_sum);
    }
  } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) + SCM_INUM (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) + scm_big2dbl (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) + SCM_REAL_VALUE (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) + SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x) + SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_sum, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_sum);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_sum, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_sum);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_difference, "-", scm_tc7_asubr, scm_difference, g_difference);

SCM
scm_difference (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (y)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
      long xx = -SCM_INUM (x);
      if (SCM_FIXABLE (xx)) {
	return SCM_MAKINUM (xx);
      } else {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
	return scm_long2big (xx);
#else
	return scm_make_real ((double) xx);
#endif
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
      SCM z = scm_copybig (x, !SCM_BIGSIGN (x));
      unsigned int digs = SCM_NUMDIGS (z);
      unsigned int size = digs * SCM_BITSPERDIG / SCM_CHAR_BIT;
      return size <= sizeof (SCM) ? scm_big2inum (z, digs) : z;
    } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
      return scm_make_real (-SCM_REAL_VALUE (x));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (x)) {
      return scm_make_complex (-SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x), -SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_difference, x, SCM_ARG1, s_difference);
    }
  }

  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long int xx = SCM_INUM (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long int yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      long int z = xx - yy;
      if (SCM_FIXABLE (z)) {
	return SCM_MAKINUM (z);
      } else {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
	return scm_long2big (z);
#else
	return scm_make_real ((double) z);
#endif
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
#ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
      long z = scm_pseudolong (xx);
      return scm_addbig ((SCM_BIGDIG *) & z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			 (xx < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, y, SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG);
#else
      SCM_BIGDIG zdigs [SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
      scm_longdigs (xx, zdigs);
      return scm_addbig (zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			 (xx < 0) ? SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG : 0, y, SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG);
#endif
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (xx - SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (xx - SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       -SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_difference, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_difference);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long int yy = SCM_INUM (y);
#ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
      long z = scm_pseudolong (yy);
      return scm_addbig ((SCM_BIGDIG *) & z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			 (yy < 0) ? 0 : SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG, x, 0);
#else
      SCM_BIGDIG zdigs [SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
      scm_longdigs (yy, zdigs);
      return scm_addbig (zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, 
			 (yy < 0) ? 0 : SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG, x, 0);
#endif
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return (SCM_NUMDIGS (x) < SCM_NUMDIGS (y))
	? scm_addbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
		      SCM_BIGSIGN (x), y, SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG)
	: scm_addbig (SCM_BDIGITS (y), SCM_NUMDIGS (y),
		      SCM_BIGSIGN (y) ^ SCM_BIGSIGNFLAG, x, 0);
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (scm_big2dbl (x) - SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (scm_big2dbl (x) - SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       - SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_difference, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_difference);
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) - SCM_INUM (y));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) - scm_big2dbl (y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) - SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) - SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       -SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_difference, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_difference);
    }
  } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) - SCM_INUM (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) - scm_big2dbl (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) - SCM_REAL_VALUE (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) - SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x) - SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_difference, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_difference);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_difference, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_difference);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_product, "*", scm_tc7_asubr, scm_product, g_product);

SCM
scm_product (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (y)) {
    if (SCM_UNBNDP (x)) {
      return SCM_MAKINUM (1L);
    } else if (SCM_NUMBERP (x)) {
      return x;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_product, x, SCM_ARG1, s_product);
    }
  }

  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long xx;

  intbig:
    xx = SCM_INUM (x);

    if (xx == 0) {
      return x;
    } else if (xx == 1) {
      return y;
    }

    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      long kk = xx * yy;
      SCM k = SCM_MAKINUM (kk);
      if (kk != SCM_INUM (k) || kk / xx != yy) {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
	int sgn = (xx < 0) ^ (yy < 0);
#ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
	long i = scm_pseudolong (xx);
	long j = scm_pseudolong (yy);
	return scm_mulbig ((SCM_BIGDIG *) & i, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			   (SCM_BIGDIG *) & j, SCM_DIGSPERLONG, sgn);
#else /* SCM_DIGSTOOBIG */
	SCM_BIGDIG xdigs [SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
	SCM_BIGDIG ydigs [SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
	scm_longdigs (xx, xdigs);
	scm_longdigs (yy, ydigs);
	return scm_mulbig (xdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			   ydigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			   sgn);
#endif
#else
	return scm_make_real (((double) xx) * ((double) yy));
#endif
      } else {
	return k;
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
#ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
      long z = scm_pseudolong (xx);
      return scm_mulbig ((SCM_BIGDIG *) & z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			 SCM_BDIGITS (y), SCM_NUMDIGS (y),
			 SCM_BIGSIGN (y) ? (xx > 0) : (xx < 0));
#else
      SCM_BIGDIG zdigs [SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
      scm_longdigs (xx, zdigs);
      return scm_mulbig (zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			 SCM_BDIGITS (y), SCM_NUMDIGS (y),
			 SCM_BIGSIGN (y) ? (xx > 0) : (xx < 0));
#endif
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (xx * SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (xx * SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       xx * SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_product, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_product);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      SCM_SWAP (x, y);
      goto intbig;
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_mulbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
			 SCM_BDIGITS (y), SCM_NUMDIGS (y),
			 SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ^ SCM_BIGSIGN (y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (scm_big2dbl (x) * SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      double z = scm_big2dbl (x);
      return scm_make_complex (z * SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       z * SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_product, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_product);
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (SCM_INUM (y) * SCM_REAL_VALUE (x));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (scm_big2dbl (y) * SCM_REAL_VALUE (x));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) * SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) * SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y),
			       SCM_REAL_VALUE (x) * SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_product, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_product);
    }
  } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_INUM (y) * SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x),
			       SCM_INUM (y) * SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      double z = scm_big2dbl (y);
      return scm_make_complex (z * SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x),
			       z * SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_REAL_VALUE (y) * SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x),
			       SCM_REAL_VALUE (y) * SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      return scm_make_complex (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) * SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y)
			       - SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x) * SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y),
			       SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x) * SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y)
			       + SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x) * SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y));
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_product, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_product);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_product, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_product);
  }
}


double
scm_num2dbl (SCM a, const char *why)
#define FUNC_NAME why
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (a)) {
    return (double) SCM_INUM (a);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (a)) {
    return scm_big2dbl (a);
  } else if (SCM_REALP (a)) {
    return (SCM_REAL_VALUE (a));
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (SCM_ARGn, a);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_GPROC1 (s_divide, "/", scm_tc7_asubr, scm_divide, g_divide);

SCM
scm_divide (SCM x, SCM y)
{
  double a;

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (y)) {
    if (SCM_UNBNDP (x)) {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_0 (g_divide, x, SCM_ARG1, s_divide);
    } else if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
      if (SCM_EQ_P (x, SCM_MAKINUM (1L)) || SCM_EQ_P (x, SCM_MAKINUM (-1L))) {
	return x;
      } else {
	return scm_make_real (1.0 / (double) SCM_INUM (x));
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
      return scm_make_real (1.0 / scm_big2dbl (x));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
      return scm_make_real (1.0 / SCM_REAL_VALUE (x));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (x)) {
      double r = SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x);
      double i = SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x);
      double d = r * r + i * i;
      return scm_make_complex (r / d, -i / d);
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_divide, x, SCM_ARG1, s_divide);
    }
  }

  if (SCM_INUMP (x)) {
    long xx = SCM_INUM (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      if (yy == 0) {
	scm_num_overflow (s_divide);
      } else if (xx % yy != 0) {
	return scm_make_real ((double) xx / (double) yy);
      } else {
	long z = xx / yy;
	if (SCM_FIXABLE (z)) {
	  return SCM_MAKINUM (z);
	} else {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
	  return scm_long2big (z);
#else
	  return scm_make_real ((double) xx / (double) yy);
#endif
	}
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real ((double) xx / scm_big2dbl (y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real ((double) xx / SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      a = xx;
    complex_div: /* y _must_ be a complex number */
      {
	double r = SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y);
	double i = SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y);
	double d = r * r + i * i;
	return scm_make_complex ((a * r) / d, (-a * i) / d);
      }
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_divide, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_divide);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (x)) {
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      long int yy = SCM_INUM (y);
      if (yy == 0) {
	scm_num_overflow (s_divide);
      } else if (yy == 1) {
	return x;
      } else {
	long z = yy < 0 ? -yy : yy;
	if (z < SCM_BIGRAD) {
	  SCM w = scm_copybig (x, SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ? (yy > 0) : (yy < 0));
	  return scm_divbigdig (SCM_BDIGITS (w), SCM_NUMDIGS (w),
				(SCM_BIGDIG) z)
	    ? scm_make_real (scm_big2dbl (x) / (double) yy)
	    : scm_normbig (w);
	} else {
	  SCM w;
#ifndef SCM_DIGSTOOBIG
	  z = scm_pseudolong (z);
	  w = scm_divbigbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
			     (SCM_BIGDIG *) & z, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			     SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ? (yy > 0) : (yy < 0), 3);
#else
	  SCM_BIGDIG zdigs[SCM_DIGSPERLONG];
	  scm_longdigs (z, zdigs);
	  w = scm_divbigbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
			     zdigs, SCM_DIGSPERLONG,
			     SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ? (yy > 0) : (yy < 0), 3);
#endif
	  return (!SCM_UNBNDP (w)) 
	    ? w 
	    : scm_make_real (scm_big2dbl (x) / (double) yy);
	}
      }
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      SCM w = scm_divbigbig (SCM_BDIGITS (x), SCM_NUMDIGS (x),
			     SCM_BDIGITS (y), SCM_NUMDIGS (y),
			     SCM_BIGSIGN (x) ^ SCM_BIGSIGN (y), 3);
      return (!SCM_UNBNDP (w)) 
	? w 
	: scm_make_real (scm_big2dbl (x) / scm_big2dbl (y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (scm_big2dbl (x) / SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      a = scm_big2dbl (x);
      goto complex_div;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_divide, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_divide);
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (x)) {
    double rx = SCM_REAL_VALUE (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (rx / (double) SCM_INUM (y));
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (rx / scm_big2dbl (y));
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      return scm_make_real (rx / SCM_REAL_VALUE (y));
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      a = rx;
      goto complex_div;
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_divide, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_divide);
    }
  } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (x)) {
    double rx = SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (x);
    double ix = SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (x);
    if (SCM_INUMP (y)) {
      double d = SCM_INUM (y);
      return scm_make_complex (rx / d, ix / d);
    } else if (SCM_BIGP (y)) {
      double d = scm_big2dbl (y);
      return scm_make_complex (rx / d, ix / d);
    } else if (SCM_REALP (y)) {
      double d = SCM_REAL_VALUE (y);
      return scm_make_complex (rx / d, ix / d);
    } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (y)) {
      double ry = SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (y);
      double iy = SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (y);
      double d = ry * ry + iy * iy;
      return scm_make_complex ((rx * ry + ix * iy) / d, 
			       (ix * ry - rx * iy) / d);
    } else {
      SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_divide, x, y, SCM_ARGn, s_divide);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_2 (g_divide, x, y, SCM_ARG1, s_divide);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_asinh, "$asinh", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) scm_asinh, g_asinh);

double
scm_asinh (double x)
{
  return log (x + sqrt (x * x + 1));
}




SCM_GPROC1 (s_acosh, "$acosh", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) scm_acosh, g_acosh);

double
scm_acosh (double x)
{
  return log (x + sqrt (x * x - 1));
}




SCM_GPROC1 (s_atanh, "$atanh", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) scm_atanh, g_atanh);

double
scm_atanh (double x)
{
  return 0.5 * log ((1 + x) / (1 - x));
}




SCM_GPROC1 (s_truncate, "truncate", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) scm_truncate, g_truncate);

double
scm_truncate (double x)
{
  if (x < 0.0)
    return -floor (-x);
  return floor (x);
}



SCM_GPROC1 (s_round, "round", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) scm_round, g_round);

double
scm_round (double x)
{
  double plus_half = x + 0.5;
  double result = floor (plus_half);
  /* Adjust so that the scm_round is towards even.  */
  return (plus_half == result && plus_half / 2 != floor (plus_half / 2))
    ? result - 1 : result;
}



SCM_GPROC1 (s_exact_to_inexact, "exact->inexact", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) scm_exact_to_inexact, g_exact_to_inexact);

double
scm_exact_to_inexact (double z)
{
  return z;
}


SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_floor, "floor", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) floor, g_i_floor);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_ceil, "ceiling", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) ceil, g_i_ceil);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_sqrt, "$sqrt", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) sqrt, g_i_sqrt);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_abs, "$abs", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) fabs, g_i_abs);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_exp, "$exp", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) exp, g_i_exp);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_log, "$log", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) log, g_i_log);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_sin, "$sin", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) sin, g_i_sin);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_cos, "$cos", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) cos, g_i_cos);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_tan, "$tan", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) tan, g_i_tan);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_asin, "$asin", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) asin, g_i_asin);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_acos, "$acos", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) acos, g_i_acos);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_atan, "$atan", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) atan, g_i_atan);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_sinh, "$sinh", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) sinh, g_i_sinh);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_cosh, "$cosh", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) cosh, g_i_cosh);
SCM_GPROC1 (s_i_tanh, "$tanh", scm_tc7_cxr, (SCM (*)()) tanh, g_i_tanh);

struct dpair
{
  double x, y;
};

static void scm_two_doubles (SCM z1,
			     SCM z2,
			     const char *sstring,
			     struct dpair * xy);

static void
scm_two_doubles (SCM z1, SCM z2, const char *sstring, struct dpair *xy)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (z1)) {
    xy->x = SCM_INUM (z1);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (z1)) {
    xy->x = scm_big2dbl (z1);
  } else if (SCM_REALP (z1)) {
    xy->x = SCM_REAL_VALUE (z1);
  } else {
    scm_wrong_type_arg (sstring, SCM_ARG1, z1);
  }

  if (SCM_INUMP (z2)) {
    xy->y = SCM_INUM (z2);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (z2)) {
    xy->y = scm_big2dbl (z2);
  } else if (SCM_REALP (z2)) {
    xy->y = SCM_REAL_VALUE (z2);
  } else {
    scm_wrong_type_arg (sstring, SCM_ARG2, z2);
  }
}


SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_expt, "$expt", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM z1, SCM z2),
	    "Return @var{z1} raised to the power or @var{z2}. This\n"
	    "procedure does not accept complex arguments.") 
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_expt
{
  struct dpair xy;
  scm_two_doubles (z1, z2, FUNC_NAME, &xy);
  return scm_make_real (pow (xy.x, xy.y));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_sys_atan2, "$atan2", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM z1, SCM z2),
	    "Return the arc tangent of the two arguments @var{z1} and\n"
	    "@var{z2}. This is similar to calculating the arc tangent of\n"
	    "@var{z1} / @var{z2}, except that the signs of both arguments\n"
	    "are used to determine the quadrant of the result. This\n"
	    "procedure does not accept complex arguments.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sys_atan2
{
  struct dpair xy;
  scm_two_doubles (z1, z2, FUNC_NAME, &xy);
  return scm_make_real (atan2 (xy.x, xy.y));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_DEFINE (scm_make_rectangular, "make-rectangular", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM real, SCM imaginary),
	    "Return a complex number constructed of the given REAL and\n"
	    "IMAGINARY parts.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make_rectangular
{
  struct dpair xy;
  scm_two_doubles (real, imaginary, FUNC_NAME, &xy);
  return scm_make_complex (xy.x, xy.y);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME



SCM_DEFINE (scm_make_polar, "make-polar", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM z1, SCM z2),
	    "Return the complex number Z1 * e^(i * Z2).")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_make_polar
{
  struct dpair xy;
  scm_two_doubles (z1, z2, FUNC_NAME, &xy);
  return scm_make_complex (xy.x * cos (xy.y), xy.x * sin (xy.y));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


SCM_GPROC (s_real_part, "real-part", 1, 0, 0, scm_real_part, g_real_part);

SCM
scm_real_part (SCM z)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (z)) {
    return z;
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (z)) {
    return z;
  } else if (SCM_REALP (z)) {
    return z;
  } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (z)) {
    return scm_make_real (SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (z));
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_real_part, z, SCM_ARG1, s_real_part);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC (s_imag_part, "imag-part", 1, 0, 0, scm_imag_part, g_imag_part);

SCM
scm_imag_part (SCM z)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (z)) {
    return SCM_INUM0;
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (z)) {
    return SCM_INUM0;
  } else if (SCM_REALP (z)) {
    return scm_flo0;
  } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (z)) {
    return scm_make_real (SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (z));
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_imag_part, z, SCM_ARG1, s_imag_part);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC (s_magnitude, "magnitude", 1, 0, 0, scm_magnitude, g_magnitude);

SCM
scm_magnitude (SCM z)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (z)) {
    long int zz = SCM_INUM (z);
    if (zz >= 0) {
      return z;
    } else if (SCM_POSFIXABLE (-zz)) {
      return SCM_MAKINUM (-zz);
    } else {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
      return scm_long2big (-zz);
#else
      scm_num_overflow (s_magnitude);
#endif
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (z)) {
    if (!SCM_BIGSIGN (z)) {
      return z;
    } else {
      return scm_copybig (z, 0);
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (z)) {
    return scm_make_real (fabs (SCM_REAL_VALUE (z)));
  } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (z)) {
    double r = SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (z);
    double i = SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (z);
    return scm_make_real (sqrt (i * i + r * r));
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_magnitude, z, SCM_ARG1, s_magnitude);
  }
}


SCM_GPROC (s_angle, "angle", 1, 0, 0, scm_angle, g_angle);

SCM
scm_angle (SCM z)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (z)) {
    if (SCM_INUM (z) >= 0) {
      return scm_make_real (atan2 (0.0, 1.0));
    } else {
      return scm_make_real (atan2 (0.0, -1.0));
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (z)) {
    if (SCM_BIGSIGN (z)) {
      return scm_make_real (atan2 (0.0, -1.0));
    } else {
      return scm_make_real (atan2 (0.0, 1.0));
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (z)) {
    return scm_make_real (atan2 (0.0, SCM_REAL_VALUE (z)));
  } else if (SCM_COMPLEXP (z)) {
    return scm_make_real (atan2 (SCM_COMPLEX_IMAG (z), SCM_COMPLEX_REAL (z)));
  } else {
    SCM_WTA_DISPATCH_1 (g_angle, z, SCM_ARG1, s_angle);
  }
}


SCM_DEFINE (scm_inexact_to_exact, "inexact->exact", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM z),
	    "Returns an exact number that is numerically closest to Z.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_inexact_to_exact
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (z)) {
    return z;
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (z)) {
    return z;
  } else if (SCM_REALP (z)) {
    double u = floor (SCM_REAL_VALUE (z) + 0.5);
    long lu = (long) u;
    if (SCM_FIXABLE (lu)) {
      return SCM_MAKINUM (lu);
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
    } else if (isfinite (u)) {
      return scm_dbl2big (u);
#endif
    } else {
      scm_num_overflow (s_scm_inexact_to_exact);
    }
  } else {
    SCM_WRONG_TYPE_ARG (1, z);
  }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
/* d must be integer */

SCM
scm_dbl2big (double d)
{
  scm_sizet i = 0;
  long c;
  SCM_BIGDIG *digits;
  SCM ans;
  double u = (d < 0) ? -d : d;
  while (0 != floor (u))
    {
      u /= SCM_BIGRAD;
      i++;
    }
  ans = scm_mkbig (i, d < 0);
  digits = SCM_BDIGITS (ans);
  while (i--)
    {
      u *= SCM_BIGRAD;
      c = floor (u);
      u -= c;
      digits[i] = c;
    }
#ifndef SCM_RECKLESS
  if (u != 0)
    scm_num_overflow ("dbl2big");
#endif
  return ans;
}



double
scm_big2dbl (SCM b)
{
  double ans = 0.0;
  scm_sizet i = SCM_NUMDIGS (b);
  SCM_BIGDIG *digits = SCM_BDIGITS (b);
  while (i--)
    ans = digits[i] + SCM_BIGRAD * ans;
  if (SCM_BIGSIGN (b))
    return - ans;
  return ans;
}
#endif


SCM
scm_long2num (long sl)
{
  if (!SCM_FIXABLE (sl))
    {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
      return scm_long2big (sl);
#else
      return scm_make_real ((double) sl);
#endif
    }
  return SCM_MAKINUM (sl);
}


#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONGS

SCM
scm_long_long2num (long_long sl)
{
  if (!SCM_FIXABLE (sl))
    {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
      return scm_long_long2big (sl);
#else
      return scm_make_real ((double) sl);
#endif
    }
  else
    {
      /* we know that sl fits into an inum */
      return SCM_MAKINUM ((scm_bits_t) sl);
    }
}

#endif /* HAVE_LONG_LONGS */


SCM
scm_ulong2num (unsigned long sl)
{
  if (!SCM_POSFIXABLE (sl))
    {
#ifdef SCM_BIGDIG
      return scm_ulong2big (sl);
#else
      return scm_make_real ((double) sl);
#endif
    }
  return SCM_MAKINUM (sl);
}


long
scm_num2long (SCM num, char *pos, const char *s_caller)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (num)) {
    return SCM_INUM (num);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (num)) {
    long int res;
    /* can't use res directly in case num is -2^31.  */
    unsigned long int pos_res = 0;
    unsigned long int old_res = 0;
    scm_sizet l;

    for (l = SCM_NUMDIGS (num); l--;) {
      pos_res = SCM_BIGUP (pos_res) + SCM_BDIGITS (num)[l];
      if (pos_res >= old_res) {
	old_res = pos_res;
      } else {
	/* overflow. */
	scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
      }
    }
    if (SCM_BIGSIGN (num)) {
      res = -pos_res;
      if (res <= 0) {
	return res;
      } else {
	scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
      }
    } else {
      res = pos_res;
      if (res >= 0) {
	return res;
      } else {
	scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
      }
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (num)) {
    double u = SCM_REAL_VALUE (num);
    long int res = u;
    if ((double) res == u) {
      return res;
    } else {
      scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
    }
  } else {
    scm_wrong_type_arg (s_caller, (int) pos, num);
  }
}


#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONGS

long_long
scm_num2long_long (SCM num, char *pos, const char *s_caller)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (num)) {
    return SCM_INUM (num);
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (num)) {
    long long res;
    /* can't use res directly in case num is -2^63.  */
    unsigned long long int pos_res = 0;
    unsigned long long int old_res = 0;
    scm_sizet l;

    for (l = SCM_NUMDIGS (num); l--;) {
      pos_res = SCM_LONGLONGBIGUP (pos_res) + SCM_BDIGITS (num)[l];
      if (pos_res >= old_res) {
	old_res = pos_res;
      } else {
	/* overflow. */
	scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
      }
    }
    if (SCM_BIGSIGN (num)) {
      res = -pos_res;
      if (res <= 0) {
	return res;
      } else {
	scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
      }
    } else {
      res = pos_res;
      if (res >= 0) {
	return res;
      } else {
	scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
      }
    }
  } else if (SCM_REALP (num)) {
    double u = SCM_REAL_VALUE (num);
    long long int res = u;
    if ((double) res == u) {
      return res;
    } else {
      scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
    }
  } else {
    scm_wrong_type_arg (s_caller, (int) pos, num);
  }
}

#endif /* HAVE_LONG_LONGS */


unsigned long
scm_num2ulong (SCM num, char *pos, const char *s_caller)
{
  if (SCM_INUMP (num)) {
    long nnum = SCM_INUM (num);
    if (nnum >= 0) {
      return nnum;
    } else {
      scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
    }
  } else if (SCM_BIGP (num)) {
    unsigned long int res = 0;
    unsigned long int old_res = 0;
    scm_sizet l;
    
    for (l = SCM_NUMDIGS (num); l--;) {
      res = SCM_BIGUP (res) + SCM_BDIGITS (num)[l];
      if (res >= old_res) {
	old_res = res;
      } else {
	scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
      }
    }
    return res;
  } else if (SCM_REALP (num)) {
    double u = SCM_REAL_VALUE (num);
    unsigned long int res = u;
    if ((double) res == u) {
      return res;
    } else {
      scm_out_of_range (s_caller, num);
    }
  } else {
    scm_wrong_type_arg (s_caller, (int) pos, num);
  }
}


void
scm_init_numbers ()
{
  abs_most_negative_fixnum = scm_long2big (- SCM_MOST_NEGATIVE_FIXNUM);
  scm_permanent_object (abs_most_negative_fixnum);

  /* It may be possible to tune the performance of some algorithms by using
   * the following constants to avoid the creation of bignums.  Please, before
   * using these values, remember the two rules of program optimization:
   * 1st Rule:  Don't do it.  2nd Rule (experts only):  Don't do it yet. */
  scm_sysintern ("most-positive-fixnum", SCM_MAKINUM (SCM_MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM));
  scm_sysintern ("most-negative-fixnum", SCM_MAKINUM (SCM_MOST_NEGATIVE_FIXNUM));

  scm_add_feature ("complex");
  scm_add_feature ("inexact");
  scm_flo0 = scm_make_real (0.0);
#ifdef DBL_DIG
  scm_dblprec = (DBL_DIG > 20) ? 20 : DBL_DIG;
#else
  {				/* determine floating point precision */
    double f = 0.1;
    double fsum = 1.0 + f;
    while (fsum != 1.0) {
      if (++scm_dblprec > 20) {
	fsum = 1.0;
      } else {
	f /= 10.0;
	fsum = f + 1.0;
      }
    }
    scm_dblprec = scm_dblprec - 1;
  }
#endif /* DBL_DIG */
#ifndef SCM_MAGIC_SNARFER
#include "libguile/numbers.x"
#endif
}

/*
  Local Variables:
  c-file-style: "gnu"
  End:
*/